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El vesre: un mecanismo de creación léxica

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EN
In this research we intend, on the one hand, to continue and complete the study started in other papers, and on the other, to present vesre from a global perspective. For this reason, we want to place it among other mechanisms of lexical creation available in the Spanish language. To this end, we extract data from various lexicographic sources of general character as well as of contrastive type (European Spanish ≠ American Spanish).
FR
Les relations linguistiques entre la France et les pays lusophones, surtout le Portugal, ont une longue tradition. Sans le moindre doute, ces relations ont amené les langues ibériques à emprunter plus au français qu’inversement. Cependant, le portugais, au cours des siècles, a aussi fourni à la langue française de nombreux mots. Bien entendu, pas tous ces mots, proviennent, en fin de compte, de la Péninsule Ibérique mais le Portugal a pu joué un rôle d’intermédiaire entre le français et, d’une part, le portugais dans ses variantes hors-européennes, et d’autre part, certaines langues américaines, africaines et asiatiques. Ainsi nous voulons, dans cette contribution, nous occuper des vocables que nous pouvons dénommer grosso modo comme des lusophonismes.
EN
The language relations between France and lusophone countries, especially Portugal, have a long tradition. Without a doubt, these relations have led Iberian languages to borrow more from French than vice versa. However, Portuguese has also contributed many words to French over centuries. Certainly, not all of these words come ultimately from the Iberian Peninsula but Portugal has played the role of intermediary between French and, Portuguese in its non-European variants as well as certain American, African and Asian languages. Thus, the main focus of this paper is the study of words which can be roughly classified as lusophonisms.
EN
Borrowings from Indigenous American Indian languages, that got into French via Spanish is a work from historical linguistics, concentrating on the major Americanisms, originating in Indigenous American Indian languages which ultimately got into French via Spanish. The work focuses in particular on such languages as Arawak, Nahuatl, Quechua, Aymara, Araucanian, Tupi-Guarani.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the principal categories of lexical borrowings, traditionally accepted in diachronic linguistics. The presentation of this classification leads towards the acknowledgment of a category of lexical borrowings that should be treated separately, namely the lexicalizing borrowings (Fr. emprunts lexicalisants, PL. zapożyczenia leksykalizujące, Es. préstamos lexicalizantes). The examples which are used in this article come among others from: Catalan, English, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Polish, Portugese and Spanish.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the processes which led to the fact that many words in Romance languages, when compared to their etymons, have suffered changes over time which on one hand consist, in the disappearance of some sounds, and on the other hand, in the appearance of new sounds. Then the phenomenon of paragoge is illustrated with different neo-Latin languages. The analyzed forms come from several languages such as: Asturian, Catalan, French, Galician, Italian, Occitan, Portuguese, Romanian, Sardinian and Spanish. At the end we tried to propose a classification of paragogical changes based on the previously exposed examples.
FR
Dans cette brève étude nous nous proposons d’exposer les processus qui ont comme conséquences que divers mots dans les langues romanes, en les comparant avec leurs étymons, ont souffert au fil du temps de transformations qui consistent, d’un côté, dans la disparition de sons, et de l’autre côté, dans l’apparition de sons. Ensuite nous nous penchons sur le phénomène de la paragoge en l’illustrant avec divers idiomes néo-latins. Les formes des mots soumises aux observations sont comparées dans plusieurs langues telles que l’asturien, le catalan, l’espagnol, le français, le galicien, l’italien, l’occitan, le portugais, le roumain et le sarde. À la fin nous essayons d’offrir une classification de la paragoge en puisant dans les exemples antérieurement exposés.
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