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Raport
|
2016
|
vol. 11
277-283
EN
The author of the article presents in a synthetic way a model of connections between studies conducted along the lines of roads and motorways and the situation of archaeology as a field of science. A hypothesis on the special impact of works commissioned by the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways on various spheres of Polish archaeology (cognitive, organisational, financial, normative and ethical) is justified.
EN
The dissemination of potato cultivation in the territory of Poland created a necessity for the regular removal of stones from the surface of fields. The structures built with the use of these stones can imitate barrows, for example. This issue was analysed when studying the cemetery of the Pomeranian culture in Nowa Sikorska Huta. The author also addresses the problem in the role that imagination can play when employed for the interpretation of archaeological objects.
EN
The site Poczałkowo 36 is situated in a valley of the Tążyna river which runs across the north eastern part of Kujawy. The presented material comes from two excavation operations. The first (detailed surface excavations) took place in the year 1980. The second (rescue excavations) were conducted in 1997. The site turned out to be damaged to a large degree. The disproportion between the quantity of material achieved during the surface examinations (— ........ ceramic items and 36 Hint items) and a number of finds uncovered as the result of deep excavations (85 items of ceramic and 2 flint items) is an evident prove o f the above statement. In the light of these studies the collection from the site Poczałkowo 36 should be dated to the II phase of the funnel cups culture in Kujawy. In the author’s opinion there is much evidence indicating that the site Poczałkowo 36 should be treated as a remnant of a relatively short-term settlement. This opinion may cast new light on the structure of raw material of flint relics. Domination o f finds made o f the Baltic flint might suggest a relatively late dating of uncovered collections and could be connected with a relatively short period of functioning of a given site (assuming that flint and ceramic relics vary in case of short-term settlements (camps), where the raw material was gained casually ) from the relics found in long term (stable) settlements.
EN
Apart from the relics of pre-historic settlement, the rescue excavations carried out at the site Borkowo 16 (AZP 13-43/209), Pruszcz Gdański commune, pomorskie vivodeship, recorded also the relics of war activities from March 1945. They made themselves manifest in the form of features – shooting pits, trenches and artillery fire positions – as well as artefacts – artillery shells and small arms, as well as fragments of ammunition. The historic discoveries are connected to the struggles for breaking the defence line of the German military units by the invading Red Army.
EN
The article is devoted to the presentation of the Funnel Beaker culture pottery registered on sites excavated on road and motorway routes, carried out by the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Łódź.
EN
Discovered in the 19th century, the hoard from Plemięta (Chełmno county, Poland) consisted of three polished adze-heads, of which two are in the Museum in Grudziądz. Until now, this hoard had been assumed to be linked to Danubian farming communities. A petrographic approach coupled with an in-depth, Europe-wide typological study allows us to rethink this cultural attribution. In fact, the Plemięta adze-heads had very probably been made in the Armorican massif (France), produced by specialists directly influenced by the standards of the earliest adze-heads of Alpine jades from Mont Viso in the Italian Alps. This proposition, which is supported by other examples of adze- and axeheads that had probably been imported into southern Scandinavia from France, re-invigorates the hypothesis that there had been western European influences on communities of the Eastern TRB Group, pertaining to the circulation of ‘object-signs’ and ideas over distances exceeding 1500 km as the crow flies.
EN
The multi-cultural site Łosino 15 (AZP 10-29/39), Kobylnica commune, pomorskie voivodeship, revealed the acquired material of the Pomeranian culture and the Wielbark culture. The majority of the discovered features are to be connected with the first settlement horizon. The features of the Pomeranian culture in the number of 135 were dominated by pits and hearths. The collection of ceramics included pots, vase-like vessels, bowls, and plates. 16 features were attributed to the Wielbark culture – pits, hearths, a furnace, and concentrations of ceramics. The collection of ceramics from the period of Roman influence is dominated by pots of group I, according to R. Wołągiewicz. The site revealed also base parts of slag-pit furnaces, as well as a considerable amount of cinder. The affiliation of the relics of ancient metallurgy is a problematic issue.
EN
The site Łosino 13 (AZP 10-29/39), Kobylnica commune, pomorskie voivodeship, revealed relics of settlement from the younger pre-Roman period and the early Roman influence period (the Wielbark culture). This settlement horizon includes two artefacts and 435 fragments of ceramics. Micro-morphological characteristics of the vessels and their forms indicate a replacement of the style of the Oksywie culture with the style of the Wielbark culture. Moreover, two artefacts and 520 fragments of ceramics were revealed originating from the Middle Ages.
EN
The article deals with the results of excavations carried out at the site Czółnów 33 (AZP 40-09/136), Myślibórz commune, zachodniopomorskie voivodeship. The investigations resulted in revealing a settlement of the Lusatian culture, which functioned mainly in the younger and later periods of the Bronze Age.
EN
The article discusses the results of excavations carried out at sites Borkowo 3 (AZP 13-43/78) and Borkowo 16 (AZP 13-43/209), Pruszcz Gdański commune, pomorskie voivodeship. The sites revealed relics of rural settlement related to the Oksywie culture and the early modern period. Features of the Oksywie culture were highly dispersed and betrayed a household character. The early modern traces of the use of the sites are to be linked with grazing cattle.
EN
The present articles covers the results of archaeological excavations at the sites Renice 5 and 6 (AZP 40-09/72 and 73), Myślibórz commune, zachodniopomorskie voivodeship. The investigations led to the discovery of relics of the Neolithic settlement of the late Linear Pottery culture and the Funnelbeaker culture. The most interesting discoveries include Neolithic tombs, whose only relics are foundation furrows. Moreover, scarce traces of settlement of the Globular Amphora culture and the Corded Ware culture (the Odra River group) were recorded. The most relics represent the Lusatian culture from the end of the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age – the HaD phase. The site also recorded relics of settlement from the Early Middle Ages (10th-13th century) and the Late Middle Ages and early modern period (18th to early 19th century).
EN
Authors of the article would like to present the discovery of a fragment of a settlement and a grave of the late Linear Pottery culture from Sikorowo, site 20, Inowrocław commune, Cuiavia region. The grave, or rather its equipment, is particularly interesting, as it allows us to carry out detailed chronological and chorological analyses.
EN
A multicultural settlement was revealed at the site Głazów 2 (AZP 40-09/19), Myślibórz commune, zachodniopomorskie voivodeship. Artefacts and features are dated from the late Palaeolithic, through Neolithic groups of the following cultures: Linear Pottery, late Linear Pottery, Funnelbeaker, Globular Amphora, as well as Lusatian and Jastorf, up to the early modern period. The settlement of the Lusatian culture witnessed the strongest development from the end of the Bronze Age to the beginning of the La Tène period. The later settlement traces hint at the agricultural function of the site area.
EN
The multi-cultural settlement at the site Głazów 8 (AZP 40-09/25), Myślibórz commune, zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, was settled in three periods: towards the end of the Bronze Age, the end of the Hallstatt period and in the La Tène period. Earlier traces of human presence betray a camp character. They are dated to the late Palaeolithic, to Neolithic cultures: the late Linear Pottery culture, the Funnelbeaker culture, the Globular Amphora culture, to Epineolithic cultures: the Corded Ware culture and the Bell-Beaker culture. In turn, since the Early Middle Ages until the early modern period, the area of the site was used for agricultural purposes.
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