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EN
Paper discusses issues regulations in the energy sector. Better regulation remains an important instrument contributing to the policy for strengthening competitiveness and supporting sustainable growth and employment in the European Union. The Energy Policy for Europe (EPE) will pursue the following three objectives, fully respecting Member States' choice of energy mix and sovereignty over primary energy sources and underpinned by a spirit of solidarity amongst Member States: (1) increasing security of supply; (2) ensuring the competitiveness of European economies and the availability of affordable energy; (3) promoting environmental sustainability and combating climate change. The first electricity and gas directives were adopted in the late 1990s, with the objective of opening up the electricity and gas markets by gradually introducing competition. The European Commission has made clear that it favours splitting up energy firms' production and distribution activities as the best way to ensure fair competition and lower prices for consumers. The European Commission has made further legislative proposals, including controversial plans to separate the production and distribution arms of large integrated energy firms.
EN
The issue of controlling in a bank has been presented by the authors in a systemic approach. The bank can be treated as a homogeneous, special-purpose system consisting of related elements - called subsystems. Controlling is presented as one of such subsystems.
EN
The article discusses energy sector competitiveness in Poland. The authors ask if all conditions were fulfilled to speak about competitiveness among the energy enterprises. As the result of energy market liberalization the customers who purchase energy can switch to different deliverers of energy. Theoretically the clients can choose the best solution but in practice the energy prices depend on government administration - Energy Regulatory Office. Electric energy is indispensable in everyday life as we use it to produce everything. Hence, the energy price is the most important factor which determines competitiveness of economy. Therefore, everything is to be made to increase the energy companies' effectiveness. .
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