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Ukrainian Migration to Europe: Policies, Practices and Perspectives

100%
Leontiyeva Y.
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
|
2014
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vol. 3
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issue 1
5-10
EN
This issue of Central and Eastern Europe Migration Review (CEEMR) is dedicated to migratory flows from one of the largest source countries for the European Union (EU). Almost a decade ago, Düvell (2006) even referred to Ukraine as Europe’s Mexico. Ukraine indeed seems to have the second-largest migration corridor in the world, the US–Mexico corridor being the largest (Migration Policy Centre 2013). This comparison, however, refers more to the migration corridor between Ukraine and Russia. Estimates of the migration flows between these two countries are really impressive, though they vary greatly between fewer than 100 000 and more than 3.5 million (Migration Policy Centre 2013). One of the explanations for the great disparity between these estimates is the lack of migration regulations (it is a visa-free regime for Ukrainians in Russia) and significant undocumented migration.1 When it comes to migration from Ukraine to the EU, the general pattern and the numbers seem to be different. There is no doubt that estimates of Ukrainian migrants in Europe might also be somewhat imprecise, due to the lack of a fully standardised definition and to the specifics of migrant statistics in member-states. Notwithstanding significant undocumented migratory movements, due to its visa policies, the EU obviously has more instruments for regulating and registering the inflow of Ukrainian migrants. Here the estimates from different sources vary at around 1 million. According to Eurostat (2011, 2014) Ukrainian nationals currently represent the fifth-largest migrant group in the EU (after Turks, Moroccans, Chinese and Indians). Eurostat (2014) puts the total number of Ukrainian residents currently living in the EU as high as 634 851 persons. Given the high numbers of Ukrainian nationals (and the Ukrainian-born) living in Europe, the dearth of academic books and monothematic issues of scientific journals focused on Ukrainian migration is striking.
2
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The Education–Employment Mismatch among Ukrainian Migrants in the Czech Republic

100%
Leontiyeva Y.
Central and Eastern European Migration Review
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2014
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vol. 3
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issue 1
63-84
EN
The aim of the article is to provide a brief overview of current labour migration from Ukraine to the Czech Republic and to explore the degree to which Ukrainian labour migrants utilise their skills on the Czech labour market. The analysis, using internal statistical data from the Czech Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and evidence from specific migrant surveys, is focused on the relationship between the formal education of economically active Ukrainian migrants and their position on the Czech labour market, and the extent to which there is an educational–occupational mismatch. The article analyses the factors that might influence the match between jobs and formal education and the position of Ukrainian migrants in the labour market. Analysis of the educational background of Ukrainian respondents does not seem to support the popular stereotype of the average Ukrainian as a university-educated construction-site worker or a cleaner, primarily due to the fact that the Czech Republic does not only attract well-educated Ukrainian migrants. Nevertheless, a comparison of the educational and occupational structures of Ukrainian migration does provide evidence of a significant waste of human capital.
3

Základní trendy rozmístění cizinců v Česku 2008–2015. Rezidenční segregace perspektivou různě velkých individualizovaných sousedství

45%
Šimon M., Mikešová R., Křížková I., Klsák A., Leontiyeva Y.
Urbanismus a územní rozvoj
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2020
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issue 3
9-17
EN
The number of foreigners living in the Czech Republic is on the rise and questions related to their coexistence refer to several domains such as the labour market, housing, social integration and the security policy of the government. Public administration, self-administration, specialists and the lay public are interested in whether the new inhabitants are beneficial to Czech society and how they integrate into it. One possible indicator of dysfunction in the integration process is residential segregation, in other words a situation in which foreigners live in a significantly different way and a different place from the dominant society. This article presents new data on the deployment of foreigners as collected by means of the population grid and using the method of nearest neighbourhoods to measure residential segregation. Independent from the administrative division of the territory, this method takes into account spatial proximity. The use of neighbourhoods of varied areas makes it possible to follow various development trends at the micro, meso and macro levels. As for the results, in overall terms residential segregation is decreasing: the rising number of foreigners results in greater regularity in their deployment rather than creating locations of high concentration. These results have important implications for planning in public administration. First, it pays off to continue to observe trends in migration and spatial deployment of foreigners, as it is important for public administration to influence the attitudes of the public to migrants. Second, the research has shown that it is necessary to collect specific information on the number and deployment of foreigners in the Czech Republic because of the specific services demanded by a foreign population (particularly in basic education and consultation for orientation in Czech society) that can help to incorporate migrants in the majority society and support the positive impact of migration for the Czech Republic.
CS
V současném Česku dlouhodobě roste počet bydlících cizinců a otázka jejich soužití s majoritou se dotýká řady oblastí, od trhu práce, bydlení, přes sociální integraci až po bezpečnostní politiku státu. Veřejná správa, samospráva, odborníci, ale i laická veřejnost se zajímá o to, zda jsou nově příchozí obyvatelé přínosem pro českou společnost a zdali se do ní integrují. Jednou z možných indikací disfunkce integračních procesů je rezidenční segregace, tedy stav, kdy cizinci bydlí výrazně jinak a jinde než členové většinové společnosti. Článek seznamuje s novými daty o vývoji rozmístění cizinců a představuje je pomocí nové metody založené na populačním rastru. Tato metoda měří rezidenční segregaci na základě tzv. individualizovaných sousedství, která zohledňují prostorovou blízkost jednotlivých buněk rastru a nejsou závislá na administrativně-správním členění území. Využití různě velkých nejbližších sousedství umožňuje zohlednit různé vývojové trendy na mikro, mezo či makro úrovni. Z hlediska výsledků článek ukazuje obecný trend poklesu rezidenční segregace, kdy zvyšující se počet cizinců vede spíše k jejich plošnějšímu rozmístění než k vytváření lokalit s vysokou koncentrací.
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