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"Československá revoluce 1914-1918" jako pokračování sporu o smysl českých dějin

100%
Hálek J., Miller S.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2021
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vol. 119
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issue 1
103-134
EN
The submitted study traces the beginnings of the historiographical treatment of the issue of the so-called Czechoslovak Revolution from 1914–1918 using the example of the contradictory destinies of two Czech historians – Jaroslav Goll and Jaroslav Werstadt. The main attention is focused on the period shortly after the establishment of Czechoslovakia, in which in the atmosphere of the efforts for a so-called “de-Austrianisation“ (Entösterreichern) a confrontation of the different ideas about the role of historical science in relation to society occurred. Attention is paid not only to both above-mentioned men but also to questions related to the problem of intergenerational relations of the members of the Czech historical community and the circumstances of the Archive of National Liberation (or the Liberation Monument) as an institution entrusted with research of contemporary history with a special focus on the period of the First World War.
2
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"Mafie" (1914-1918) pohledem československé historiografie : strategie - význam - interpretace

63%
Hálek J., Mosković B.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2018
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vol. 116
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issue 3
733-763
EN
The current study analyses changes relating to the approach of Czechoslovak historiography to the phenomenon of Czech domestic anti-Austrian resistance (1914-1918), better known by its later name "Maffie". Firstly, the authors observe how the circumstances of academic research and also the manner of interpretation of this issue changed during the 1918-1968 period. In Part I, they firstly deal with the initial references to "the Maffie" following the foundation of an independent Czechoslovak state, namely the politisation and instrumentalisation of this concept in the public domain and especially its reflection in contemporary historiography. In Part II, the authors’ attention turns to the reflection of "the Maffie" on the part of Marxist historiography in the years 1948-1968. The authors demonstrate the changes of academic research on Czech anti-Austrian resistance not merely in the approaches of individual authors but also on the basis of a wider development of the science of history.
3
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“The Past is Still Alive”: The Czech anti-Austrian Resistance as Symbol and Matter of Politics (1918–1925)

63%
Mosković B., Hálek J.
Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.
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2019
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vol. 11
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issue 1
EN
The paper examines the ways in which the heritage of the Czech anti-Austrian resistance was used in the political practice of the First Czechoslovak Republic between 1918 and 1925. It focuses on the question of what specific aspects from the history of the anti-Austrian resistance during the First World War were used by individual political actors in their public activity and in the rivalry between political parties. These tendencies in the early period of the existence of the Czechoslovak Republic are examined with regard to the formation and establishment of the “Maffie” narrative, which after 1918 was supposed to symbolise and efficiently present the activities of the anti-Austrian resistance in the Czech lands. On the examples of the political campaigning of the Czechoslovak National Democratic Party led by Karel Kramář and the Czech National Socialist Party headed by Václav Klofáč, the authors analyse their different approach and often contradictory interpretation of the events of the “national revolution” of 1914-1918. The paper also presents the limitations of this presentation, as well as the gradual decrease of the instrumentalisation of the heritage of the Czech anti-Austrian resistance in the Czechoslovak political practice, which became fully evident as soon as the mid-1920s.
4
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Milada Paulová a její reflexe vzniku republiky

63%
Brádlerová D., Hálek J.
Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue Supplementum_1
121-130
EN
The aim of this article is to take a closer look at the life-work of the first Czechoslovak professoress Milada Paulová, which was a study of the Czech and Yugoslav resistance in the period of the First World War. The article outlines the question of alignment in the Czech historical sciences in interwar Czechoslovakia. The next subject is the divergence of opinion between the old and the young academic generations - is modern and contemporary history journalism or science?
5
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Interpreting the creation of Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989: shifts and changes in the politics of history and memory

63%
Hálek J., Štofaník J.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2022
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vol. 29
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issue 3
796-824
EN
The article focuses on the construction of historical narratives and the construction of memory regarding the emergence of Czechoslovakia (28 October 1918) in the second half of the twentieth century. It analyses Czech and Slovak historiography and the significance of direct and indirect political and ideological influences. It explores shifts in the official narrative from the establishment of the communist regime to its collapse through an analysis of party texts, scholarly publications and conferences. The authors pay equal attention to the Czech lands and Slovakia. They focus on the role of historians as a professional community and the importance of institutional networks and examine the positions and viewpoints of the new historical departments (within the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) and shifts in university education. While the existing universities were to concentrate exclusively on teaching, the newly established universities (such as the University of Political and Economic Sciences – Vysoká škola politických a hospodářských věd) were tasked from the outset with educating a new type of socialist intelligentsia that had a close relationship to the people and/or to (re)educate publicity workers and state administration employees. As for historians, the article points to their professional and publishing strategies and the changes in opinions they underwent. In the second part, the authors address the issue of commemorating the founding of Czechoslovakia in the public space. They pay special attention to the celebrations in 1948, which aspired to a nationwide character, the revival of this tradition in the 1960s, and finally the society-wide response in 1988, when the significance of the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak state was reasserted in the form of granting it the position of a national holiday, and also the symbolism associated with this date became the impetus or mass public protest against the communist regime.
CS
Studie se zaměřuje na budování historických narativů a konstrukci paměti o vzniku Československa (dne 28. října 1918) ve druhé polovině dvacátého století. Zkoumá posuny oficiální interpretace této události od doby etablování komunistického režimu až po jeho rozpad, a to prostřednictvím rozboru stranických textů a odborných publikací. Rovnocennou pozornost přitom vedle českých zemí věnuje Slovensku. Analyzuje českou a slovenskou historiografii a sleduje význam přímých i nepřímých politických a ideologických vlivů. Soustředí se především na roli historiků jako odborné komunity a na význam institucionálních sítí. Všímá si budování nových historických pracovišť (v rámci Československé akademie věd) a posunů na poli univerzitního vzdělávání. Zatímco stávající univerzity se měly zaměřit výhradně na výuku, nově zakládané vysoké školy (jako například Vysoká škola politických a hospodářských věd) měly od počátku vychovávat nový typ socialistické inteligence s blízkým vztahem k lidu a (do)vzdělávat propagační pracovníky a zaměstnance státní administrativy. Pokud jde o historiky, studie poukazuje na jejich odborné a publikační strategie i na názorové proměny, jimiž procházeli. Ve druhé části článku se autoři věnují tomu, jak se vznik Československa připomínal ve veřejném prostoru. Zachycují podobu oslav třicátého výročí v roce 1948, již v režii komunistického režimu, nahrazení svátku vzniku republiky Dnem znárodnění počátkem padesátých let a oživení původní tradice československé státnosti v šedesátých letech. Na závěr se zamýšlejí nad celospolečenskou odezvou sedmdesátého výročí v roce 1988, kdy byl význam vzniku samostatného československého státu znovu potvrzen v podobě uznání 28. října jako státního svátku, ale také se symbolika spjatá s tímto datem stala impulzem k masovému veřejnému protestu proti komunistickému režimu.
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