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Empirický výzkum chudoby v českých zemích ve třech historických obdobích

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Večerník J.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2011
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vol. 5
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issue 2
133-146
EN
This article deals with empirical research on poverty in Czechoslovakia from the interwar period to the present in terms of three distinct phases. First, between 1918 and 1948, considerable attention was devoted to poverty, but research possibilities modest, so that a complex mapping of the problem was not feasible. Second, during the 1948 to 1989 period, the communist regime allowed “examinations” of poverty for the purpose of depicting pre-war capitalist Czechoslovakia as an impoverished, class-divided society. A similar approach was applied to studies of Western countries during the Cold War period. Research on poverty within the socialist regime was not allowed, even after the rehabilitation of sociology as a social science. Detailed analysis of household surveys was either forbidden or the results were embargoed; only simple cross-tabulations were ever published. Third, after 1989, the opportunities for undertaking research on poverty increased dramatically due to stimulus in both the national and international arenas. Important projects were fielded leading to many studies and published articles. Statistical surveys were used to map poverty primarily in terms of income; while sociological, ethnographic and anthropological approaches were used to examine key groups affected by poverty in Czech society. Within the literature there has been to date no synthesis of the study of the nature and origins of poverty in the Czech Republic.
2
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Retirees Are Also Stratified: Pre-Retirement Socio-Occupational Status and the Well-Being of Older Adults in Central Europe

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Večerník J.
Polish Sociological Review
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2021
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vol. 213
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issue 1
27-46
EN
Most stratification research concerns solely the economically active population and omits inactive seniors. Retirees are often treated as a separate and rather homogeneous social category. However, this approach is only partially valid. Retirees can still be differentiated in regard to their objective and subjective well-being, which is linked to their former occupations. Using large EU-SILC datasets for Central European countries, this article focuses on the effect of pre-retirement socio-occupational category on the well-being of retirees. The category is found to be an important explanatory variable after controlling for age, sex, marital status, and other characteristics. However, there are substantial differences among countries. While in Czechia, retirees are most homogeneous in regard to their objective and subjective well-being across socio-occupational categories, the differences are considerably larger in Hungary and Poland, and on a similar level as in our benchmark country, Austria.
3
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Household Consumption in the Czech Republic: From Shopping Queues to Consumer Society

100%
Večerník J.
Polish Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 162
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issue 2
153-174
EN
This article gathers a variety of evidence demonstrating the rapid development of household consumption in the Czech Republic during the post-1989 period. In the first section, the basic features of household consumption under the communist regime are described. In the second section, the transition to a market economy and its likely positive impact on the economic conditions and behaviour of households is discussed. In the third section, post-1989 changes in patterns of family expenditures are documented and compared with several other EU countries. In the fourth section, a critical assessment of the development of Czech consumer culture with its agencies and clients is placed in the context of broader debates about the meaning of mass consumerism. Both the positive and negative features of booming consumption are summarised in the conclusion.
4
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Setting social status in couples and partners’ budgetary discretion in central European countries

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Večerník J., Mysíková M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2019
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vol. 55
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issue 6
791-820
EN
The conventional optics of social stratification research—in which the social position of the family unit is seen as being determined by the status of the male head of the household—have been challenged since the early 1970s. Similarly, economic research which views the household as a single unit has been questioned. Changing family circumstances and the increased share of couples in which the woman has higher earnings, education, and socioeconomic status mean that both these perspectives needs reformulating. The authors illustrate these issues using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey (EU-SILC) for five Central European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria) and draw on its 2006–2016 time series to present the characteristics of partners in couples and the relations between them. Female primacy has increased either in earnings, education, or socio-economic category in all countries except Hungary. The authors use the EU-SILC 2010 ‘Module on Intra-household Sharing of Resources’ to test the hypothesis that a direct link exists between partners’ social status split and separate welfare status, where female primacy in relevant characteristics is taken as a proxy for social status split, while separate welfare status is indicated by partners’ budgetary discretion. The hypothesis is confirmed for Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia, but not for Hungary and Poland. Apart from the personal factors of social status split, two family factors are strongly related to the probability of the budgetary discretion of couple partners across all countries: household income and marital status.
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VLIV NÍZKÉ PRACOVNÍ INTENSITY NA CHUDOBU V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE A SLOVENSKÉ REPUBLICE

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Myslíková M., Večerník J., Želinský T.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2015
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vol. 63
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issue 6
555 – 575
EN
While poverty has long been a phenomenon closely related to the life cycle of family, in recent decades is increasingly dependent on the economic participation of household members. In addition, this change in post-communist countries is associated with the economic and social transformation, which has led to an increasing income inequality. The study of relationships between work intensity and poverty is only at its beginning in transition countries. Using statistical surveys EU-SILC we analyse the specific effect of work intensity on two indicators of poverty – “at-risk-of-poverty rate“, and the “making ends meet” in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic between 2005 and 2013. The analysis is set in the Central European context, which shows a relatively good situation in both countries. The work intensity of households is an important factor of the risk of income poverty and financial difficulties of households. In spite of a certain weakening, it keeps a high importance.
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OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY, EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY AND INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF DISADVANTAGES IN EUROPE

51%
Želinský T., Mysíková M., Večerník J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 3
197 – 217
EN
Empirical literature offers a number of studies suggesting that living conditions in childhood can significantly influence achievements and living conditions in adulthood. The aim of this paper is to answer the question: To what extent is the intergenerational transmission of poverty associated with social mobility (in terms of educational and occupational intergenerational mobility) in the European Union (and Iceland, Switzerland and Norway)? Our analyses are based on EU-SILC 2011, ‘Intergenerational transmission of disadvantages’ module microdata. Interpretations of the findings are based on the ordered logit models estimated at European and country levels. The results suggest that both educational and occupational mobility are in a statistically significant positive relationship with the intergenerational transmission of poverty (justified by a change in the perceived financial stress of the household).
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