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1

ACADEMIC SCHOOLS IN UKRAINE

100%
Khramov Y.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2008
|
issue 4
122-133
EN
Team work of formal and informal research entities, such as academic schools, has been an outstanding feature of science since the late half of XIX century. Following the model for the academic school, elaborated by the author, the academic school represents an informal creative community of researchers belonging to various generations, headed by the leader in a certain research field, united by similarity in approaches to problem solving, by working and thinking style, by originality and novelty of ideas and methods for doing a research program; such community can be distinguished by generation of significant research results, by scientific and public merit it gains in a given field of knowledge. The above characteristics were laid as criteria for identification of informal creative teams as academic schools. As a result, informal communities of researchers, created by outstanding scientists [working in the Academy in various periods], like N.Amosov, M.Bogolyubov, V.Glushkov, L.Landau, Ye. Paton and B.Paton, others, can be referred to as academic schools. The list of academic schools, including their members, defined by methods of questioning and analysis of recollections and sayings of their representatives is given in the text.
2

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IS 90

63%
Malitsky B., Khramov Y.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2008
|
issue 4
3-18
EN
At the end of XIX century, science in Ukraine was cultivated in universities, being represented by scientific unions, scientific congresses. The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences could adopt traditions of classical Western academies of sciences thanks to the effort of its first President, V.Vernadsky, a distinguished Russian scientist. His conception of the Academy combined the European experience with national scientific and cultural traditions, that is, the Academy as 'an association of state scientific establishments' in social, natural and technical fields. His vision of the Academy came in contrast with the one of M.Grushevsky, an outstanding Ukrainian historian, who believed that the Academy had to be a public association accommodating primarily social studies. Vernadsky chaired the commission on elaboration of the statutory act on the UAS. The commission met on July 9, 1918, and till 17 September 1918 it submitted about 30 memorandums on establishing a network of Academy's institutions. Its work resulted in 'Draft Act on Establishing of the Academy of Sciences in Kiev' and other statutory documents, approved by the Council of Ministers and, on 14 November, 1918, by hetman Skoropadsky. Also, on 14 November, 1918, the hetman's Decree appointed academicians of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. However, the actual date of birth of the Academy used to be ignored by the official history, being replaced by 12 February, 1919, which falls upon the period of temporary reign of the Soviet power in Kiev. The Academy, accommodating only two or three research institutions at the beginning, now has 200, more than 43.300 R&D personnel, out of which more than 10.300 are doctors and candidates of sciences. The article contains the list of most important Academy achievements over the latest 16 years.
3

G.M.DOBROV: A SCIENTIST AND A TEACHER

63%
Malitsky B., Khramov Y.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2009
|
issue 1
3-8
EN
A review of scientific, organizational and social work of G.M.Dobrov is given. Main stages of Dobrov's carrier are shown along with scientific results produced at each. Dobrov's scientific carrier began in 50s, in science technology field, after graduation from the Kiev Politechnical Institute. Science and technology history had to face new methodological challenges in that time. Dobrov was the first to offer applications of computing methods to science history studies in the USSR, which, he believed, could help in identifying new factors for research capacity growth and appearance of new research fields, for measuring the performance of research personnel. In his most famous book 'Science about Science', published in 1966, 1970, and in 1989), he offered a conceptualization of science of science discipline. From 1968 till 1986 Dobrov supervised various science of science units in several Academy institutes, and in 1976-1979 he worked as a chief researcher in the International Institute for Applied Systemic Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg (Austria). In 1969 he launched the periodical 'Science of Science in Informatics', transformed in 1993 into the journal 'Nauka ta naukozanvstvo' (Science and Science of Science). Dobrov is the author of more than 300 scientific publications, including 10 books. He did a lot to strengthen the importance of national science, working as an expert in international organizations like UNESCO and CMEA (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance), and supervising UNESCO projects 'Efficiency of Research Groups' and 'Social Assessments of New Technologies in Developing Countries'. As early as in 1965 he was elected to the International Academy of Science History and in 1972 - to the World Academy of Natural Science and Humanities.
4

STUDIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HISTORY IN THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

63%
Khorosheva S., Khramov Y.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2008
|
issue 4
144-163
EN
The article contains a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of science & technology history studies on the territory of Ukraine. Its first stage covered the late XIX - early XX century, when irregular studies on S&T history were conducted in universities. The second stage began with establishing the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAS) in 1918, and continued till 1928. The third stage was marked by conceptualization of S&T history studies in 1928, and organization of a specialized commission at the UAS on studies of the development of scientific thought in Ukraine, which, however, was not realized due to mass-scale repressions starting in 1929. The third stage, marked by expanding and systematizing of studies on S&T history, began in the post-war period, with opening the first vacancy on science history in Academy in 1948, and organizing the Ukrainian Affiliation of the National Union of S&T Historians in 1958. The fourth stage began with organizing the Unit of S&T History within the Institute for History of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in 1963, and launching studies on science of science within the Cybernetics Institute under the supervision of G.M.Dobrov. Contributions to S&T history studies made by various research institutions, public associations and individual scientists at every evolution stage are shown in great detail.
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