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Mäetagused
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2012
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vol. 52
141-160
EN
The analysis of new media, i.e. Internet, is a serious problem for logocentric communication studies. Usually, only the verbal aspect of genres is described, while other qualities are seen as marginal phenomena. In this paper I want to discuss the practice of visualising idioms in Internet humour. Even a cursory glance at the new media shows two prominent trends: 1) idioms appear in various types of new media texts but tend to dominate in those with a creative function, 2) idioms are spontaneously visualised, i.e. communication partners translate them into visual language. The paper presents results of empirical studies performed on a corpus of demotivators containing idioms. It shows that creative texts, especially humorous ones, subject idioms to different visual transformations. Visual translation may involve the structure of an idiom (individual words) making the visualisation literal, or its metaphoric meaning, in which case the visualisation is figurative (in its two variants – exemplifying or reinterpreting). From the cultural perspective, is it notable that idioms are not very frequent in Internet humour. Demotivators cited idioms in only 1.5% of all demotivating messages in Polish-language Internet. It seems that Internet users have probably found other visual carriers of figurative meaning. Discovering their social status might be the key to understanding the new culture – the culture of the web.
EN
Since 2018, the key Polish offices have been signing the declaration for plain language, one of the key provisions of which is the call for the simplification of official documents sent to citizens. The aim of the article is to present the methods for simplifying texts, created at the University of Wrocław. The author focuses in particular on indicating the limitations of the proposed method in reference to administrative (fiscal) decisions and those decisions which are not documents from the legal perspective. The article presents examples of simplified documents and decisions.
EN
The article discusses a style of writing known as “plain language.” It is a standard of communication in the public domain introduced in many countries through legislation or social campaigns. Its basic premise is that all public and socially relevant content should be as intelligible as possible. The authors of the article consider the possibility of developing, validating and applying the standard of “plain language” in Poland. They describe assumptions behind the Polish model of plain language, recognizing quantitative measures of readability as its basis. They also discuss some examples of how the Gunning Fog Index, one of such measures, can be used to assess the readability of Polish public texts.
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2015
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vol. 6
|
issue 195
208-225
PL
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