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EN
This article focuses on the assessment of admissibility of conciliatory proceedings (regulated in Articles 184 to 186 of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure), in a situation where the parties have entered into an arbitration agreement. The purpose of the analysis is to evaluate whether conciliatory proceedings are examination proceedings or independent proceedings, wherein the parties resolve the dispute between them in the form of a settlement. A short description and comparison of conciliatory proceedings and proceedings before an arbitral tribunal has been provided. The author has highlighted the differences between the two proceedings, and the consequences arising therefrom for the admissibility of alternative conduct of those two proceedings to resolve the same case. The author has also analysed whether the regulations currently in force offer the parties the freedom or right to choose that alternative method which is more convenient for them. It has been analysed whether a plea of arbitration agreement, if raised, forms a relative formal and procedural obstacle excluding the admissibility of conciliatory proceedings. Thus, this article discusses issues relating to systemic connections between conciliatory and arbitration proceedings, and to the relations between those proceedings.
EN
Background: Analysis of new legal regulations related to the conduct of evidentiary activities in separate proceedings in commercial cases, which were introduced by the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act on the Code of Civil Procedure and other acts. Research purpose: Assessing the effects of introduced legal regulations on obtaining appropriate legal protection in relation to commercial matters. Methods: Analysis of legal text and comparison with existing legal regulations. Conclusions: The analyses of the amended provisions lead to the conclusion that new legal instruments (such as the evidence agreement) as well as new evidence limitations applicable to separate proceedings in commercial cases will affect the economics of proceedings, but may lead to the issuance of decisions that are inconsistent with the actual state of affairs, based on evidence offered by the parties. The analysis of the provisions on evidence contracts leads to the conclusion that even if a given type of contract excludes evidence from the parties’ hearing, the court will be able to take that evidence and the introduction of such an exemption should be considered void.
PL
Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem analizy są nowe regulacje prawne, dotyczące prowadzenia po­stępowania dowodowego w postępowaniu odrębnym w sprawach gospodarczych, które zostały wprowadzone na podstawie ustawy z dnia 4 lipca 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz innych ustaw. Cel badawczy: ocena skutków regulacji prawnych wprowadzonych w celu uzyskania odpowiedniej ochrony prawnoprocesowej w odniesieniu do spraw gospodarczych. Metoda badawcza: analiza tekstu prawnego i porównanie z istniejącymi regulacjami prawnymi. Wyniki: przeprowadzone analizy treści znowelizowanych (zmienionych) przepisów Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego (Ustawa z dnia 17 listopada 1964 r. Kodeks postępowania cywilnego, t.j. Dz.U. z 2019 r., poz. 1460 ze zm., dalej w skrócie określana jako k.p.c.) prowadzą do wnio­sku, że nowe instrumenty prawne (takie jak umowa dowodowa) oraz wprowadzone ograniczenia dowodowe, mające zastosowanie w postępowaniu odrębnym w sprawach gospodarczych, wpłyną na ekonomikę postępowania, ale mogą doprowadzić do wydawania orzeczeń niezgodnych z rze­czywistym stanem faktycznym, na podstawie dowodów przedstawionych przez strony. Analiza przepisów o umowach dowodowych prowadzi do wniosku, że nawet w przypadku, gdy danego rodzaju umowa wyłącza dowód z przesłuchania stron, to sąd będzie mógł przeprowadzić ten dowód, a wprowadzenie takiego wyłączenia należałoby uznać za nieważne.
PL
W opracowaniu opisano dotychczasowe nieprawidłowe regulacje prawne i ich skutki w zakresie zawieszenia prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej przez spółkę z o.o. Ponadto przedstawiono zagadnienie dopuszczalności stosowania przez sądy postępowania przymuszającego do złożenia sprawozdania finansowego. Wskazano, jakiego rodzaju sankcje mogą być stosowane za niedopełnienie obowiązków złożenia rocznego sprawozdania finansowego przez spółki z o.o. Na zakończenie omówiono wprowadzone zmiany ujednolicające regulacje związane z zawieszeniem prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej.
EN
The study describes the previous incorrect legal regulations and their effects in the scope of suspension of business activity by a limited liability company. In addition, the issue of the admissibility of courts applying coercive proceedings to submit financial statements was presented. It is indicated what types of sanctions may be applied for failure to submit annual financial statements by limited liability companies. Finally, changes introduced to harmonise the regulations related to the suspension of business activity were discussed.
EN
The paper addresses the question of the consequences of legal acts of a trustee related to the disposal of assets of the bankrupt included in the bankruptcy estate and the impact of these acts on the course of the on-going civil proceedings instituted or carried out by the trustee or the bankrupt debtor. The trustee’s disposal of components making up the bankruptcy estate often entails a personal transformation of parties in civil proceedings and evaluation of whether procedural succession has occurred effectively and also of the impact of these acts on the interruption of the course of limitation. This issue raises numerous questions of interpretation both in practice and in the subject literature. Due to the framework of the study, the paper shows only some of the issues related to the subject-matter of actions taken by the trustee in connection with the liquidation of the assets of the bankrupt debtor.
EN
Agreements in public procurement procedures are civil contracts. However, the content of these agreements is determined by the contracting authority. Contractor agrees to the content of the agreement and the arbitrator designated in the contract. According to Art. 1205 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the Act of 17 November 1964 (Journal of Laws No 43, item 296 as amended) judgments issued by the court of conciliation in Poland may be repealed by the court of law only in proceedings conducted based on art. 1206 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This regulation applies only to the existing judgments. While to the nonexistent regulations (not having constitutive elements) prosecution for negative establishment can be directed (art. 189 of the Code of Civil Procedure).
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