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EN
The problem of so-called sects shouldn’t be ignored. On one hand the development of civilization improves existential conditions of human beings and broadens their horizons and - on the other hand – it may cause the destruction or deformation of values commonly accepted as traditional vectors of the social order as well as it may promote alternatives to the above-mentioned values. Such ‘new axiologies’ are often presented and exposed by various sects and some contemporary phenomena in the sphere of confession or outlook. The author of the paper discusses the possibility of comparison of a sect whose leader and members conduct criminal activity to an organized criminal group or to an association having for its purpose the commission of offences in the light of Polish legal regulations (Article 258 of the Polish Penal Code of 1997). It seems that in the context of sects – taking into consideration the specificity of organizations of a such nature – there is generally more adequate to refer to these communities a term ‘an association having for its purpose the commission of offences’ than a term ‘an organized criminal group’ (though it’s necessary to stress that a sect can also assume the form of an organized criminal group)
EN
The primary aim of the article is to provide an in-depth analysis of the Council of Europe Convention against Traffi cking in Human Organs, which was opened for signature in March 2015, and to examine Polish criminal legislation in this respect. Additionally, the article outlines the scale and main causes of the global problem of illegal transplants. It also presents the Convention from an international law perspective. The analysis performed makes it possible to conclude that the Convention fi lled in a gap in international standards, however its practical impact and effectiveness will proba bly be limited. Regarding Polish legislation, in the authors’ opinion, it is generally compatible with the Convention’s aims and provisions, albeit some changes would be required to apply it properly.
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