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The Question about the Essence of Humanistic Experiment in Gadamer's Hermeneutics

100%
Dybel P.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2004
|
vol. 40
|
issue 1(159)
23-40
EN
The article presents Gadamer's views on the essence of humanistic experiment and its relationship with historicalness of human understanding. It is stressed that according to Gadamer the ontological structure of this kind of experiment is different from that of experiments in science. The sources of this difference are sought by Gadamer in ancient Greek division of knowledge into 'sophia' (theoretic) and 'phronesis' (practical) but he refers also to European tradition of humanistic and philosophical thinking (Herder, Vico, Kant, Hegel). In this tradition some characteristic concepts appeared (Bildung, sensus communis, conceptual generality, tact, taste and others) that can serve as a point of departure for building new idea of humanistic experience.
2

Hysteria: the 'other language' of femininity?

100%
Dybel P.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2006
|
issue 6(102)
123-136
EN
This article attempts at showing a characteristic evolution of perception of the genealogy of female hysteria within the confines of psychoanalytical tradition. Starting from Freud's approach where hysteria was unambiguously associated with female sexuality, contestable attempts at 'rehabilitating' the latter made by Horney or Klein, through to Lacan's, Irigaray's or Kristeva's concepts, each of whom, in his or her peculiar way, tries to evade both the simplifications of a Freudian patriarchalism and a biologism like the one represented by the author of Female Sexuality. What all those concepts or approaches have in common is their failure at completely overcoming the identification of hysteria with the 'nature' of femininity, although they seek to draw dissimilar consequences from it. The question is whether one should rather radically break with such identification, rather than see a 'different language' of femininity in hysteria?
3

Freud and Kant: Two Conceptions of Subject and Self

100%
Dybel P.
|
2004
|
vol. 13
|
issue 4(52)
287-302
EN
The starting point of the article is the assumption that the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud grows from a new conception of the subject and the self, different from the conception used by Kant. The author tries to make his point by analysing selected fragments of one of the first publications by Freud 'Entwurf einer Psychologie'. It is clear in that work that Freud already had at that time his own idea of the psychic apparatus, and that it consisted of three different systems: consciousness, pre-consciousness and unconsciousness. In this proposal the synthesising operation of consciousness, which is the home of the self, can be reduced to a specific 'defence activity' which protects the self from the loose process of shifting and condensing imagery (the original process) that occurs in the unconsciousness. This approach presupposes, first, new understanding, previously unknown to German idealism, of the subject that does not function as the ultimate foundation of all psychic processes but is engaged in interpreting the original process by rearranging its imagery in a loose and spontaneous manner. Secondly, the synthesising function of the self can no longer be explained as a process of reaffirming one's self-identity - which was presupposed in the Kantian concept of transcendental unity of apperception - but must be seen as a synthesising activity that occurs at the level of the original process by repeated efforts to select and repress its imagery
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