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K interpretácii Sókratových posledných slov

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EN
The article addresses various approaches to the interpretation of Socrates’ last words in Plato’s Phaedo 118a7–8. Some of the traditional interpretations read his final statement literally and understand it as being about an unfulfilled debt to Asclepius. The majority of modern interpretations, however, give his last words an allegorical meaning, but each understands them differently. The article shows that, on the basis of linguistic analysis and the overall context into which they are inserted, we can see them as being a demand to have an unceasing concern for oneself and others, which relates not only to Socrates and his closest students, but also to us, the readers of Plato’s dialogue.
DE
Der Artikel befasst sich mit verschiedenen Interpretationsansätzen der letzten Worte des Sokrates in Platons Phaidon 118a7–8. Ein Teil der traditionellen Interpreten liest Sokrates wörtlich und versteht seine Worte als unerfüllte Schuld gegenüber Asklepios. Die meisten modernen Interpreten verstehen Sokrates´ Worte allegorisch, wobei jedoch jeder ein anderes Verständnis hat. Der Artikel zeigt, dass wir Sokrates’ letzten Worten auf Grundlage einer Sprachanalyse und des Gesamtkontextes, in den sie eingebettet sind, die Bedeutung einer Aufforderung zur beständigen Sorge um sich selbst und um Andere zuschreiben könnten, was jedoch nicht nur Sokrates und seine Schüler, sondern auch uns, die Leser von Platons Dialog betrifft.
SK
Článok sa zaoberá rôznymi prístupmi k interpretácii posledných Sókratových slov v Platónovom Faidónovi 118a7–8. Časť tradičných interpretov číta Sókratove slová doslovne a chápe ich ako nesplnený dlh Asklépiovi. Väčšina moderných interpretov však dáva Sókratovým slovám alegorický význam, ale každý z nich ich chápe inak. Článok ukazuje, že na základe jazykovej analýzy Sókratových posledných slov a celkového kontextu, do ktorého sú zasadené, by sme im mohli dať význam požiadavky neustálej starosti o seba a druhých, ktorá sa týka nielen Sókrata a jeho najbližších žiakov, ale aj nás, čitateľov Platónovho dialógu.
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Aristotelés o Sókratovi a "logoi Sókratikoi"

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EN
The article provides a reassessment of Aristotle’s accounts of Socrates, which modern historians describe as one of the four main sources in solving the so-called Socratic problem. In the first part, the article returns to the grammatical distinction by which Aristotle mentions Socrates’ name. In the next part, it analyzes those places in Metaphysics and in Aristotle’s ethical writings that make mention of Socrates. In a more detailed fashion the structure of Aristotle’s Protrepticus, in which Socrates does not appear but his absence could be important for understanding Aristotle’s approach to philosophy, is then presented. In the last part, the article returns to the problem of the Sokratikoi logoi and asks whether Aristotle uses this term to mean a prose genre in which the fictional is mixed with the historical. These respective analyzes lead us to the conclusion that Aristotle worked freely with the character of Socrates, relying primarily on the representations of Socrates in Plato’s dialogues. Thus, Aristotle’s accounts do not help us in the reconstruction of Socrates’ historical attitudes.
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