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  1. 3 Przegląd Legislacyjny

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  1. 3 Gałka J.

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  1. 1 2023

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  3. 1 2019

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1

Praktyka funkcjonowania instytucji służby zastępczej po 1989 r. w świetle regulacji obowiązków w dziedzinie obronności w polskich konstytucjach oraz prac nad Konstytucją

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Gałka J.
Przegląd Legislacyjny
|
2021
|
issue PL 3 (117)
39-63
EN
Article 85 of the Constitution statutes two duties of the Polish citizen. The first one is the duty to defend the Homeland and the second is the duty of military service. The same article also statutes that any citizen whose religious convictions or moral principles do not allow him to perform military service may be obliged to perform substitute service in accordance with principles specified by the statute. In this paper, the author presents the evolution of citizens’ duties in the field of defence and the evolution of the institution of substitute service, in the Polish constitutional tradition. The author also analyse the work of the Constitutional Commission of the National Assembly on the content of article 85 of the Constitution. The author compares the results arising from mentioned considerations with the actual functioning of the substitutive service in Poland since 1989. Eventually, the author presents postulate de lege ferenda of changes in the current regulation of the institution of substitute service to bring it into accordance with the historical and systemic interpretation of the Constitution.
2

Ograniczenie wykonywania polskiej jurysdykcji karnej w stosunku do przestępstw popełnionych na pokładzie obcego statku podczas korzystania przez niego z prawa nieszkodliwego przepływu przez polskie morze terytorialne

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Gałka J.
Przegląd Legislacyjny
|
2019
|
issue PL 3 (109)
29-54
EN
The purpose of this article is to present and analyse the institution of the limitation of the enforcement of the Polish criminal jurisdiction over crimes committed on board of the foreign ship during its innocent passage through the Polish territorial sea. The author presents and comments: the territorial principle of the Polish criminal law, the right of innocent passage and the institution of the limitation of the enforcement of the costal State’s criminal juridsiction over crimes committed on board of the foreign ship during its innocent passage and evaluate this institution in relation to the Polish criminal procedural and substantive law. For this purpose the author interpretates provisions of: The Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of 1958, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, Law on Sea Areas of the Republic of Poland and on Maritime Administration of 1991 and other Polish municipal laws. The author's main intention is to illustrate the substance of this institution and to indicate the possible consequences that may result from it.
3

Pozaprawna istota pojęcia narodu w konstytucjonalizmie Polski najnowszej

100%
Gałka J.
Przegląd Legislacyjny
|
2023
|
issue PL 1 (123)/2023
114-160
EN
The Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2 April 1997 begins with the preamble stating: „(…) We, the Polish Nation – all citizens of the Republic (...) Hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland (...)”. In the normative part of this Constitution, the legislator established the principle of the sovereignty of the nation which reads: “Supreme power in the Republic of Poland shall be vested in the Nation”. Considering the redaction of the preamble as indicating a legal definition of the ‚Polish Nation’, some formulate a thesis equating the notion of the ‚Nation’ with ‚all citizens’. This construction is characterised by the logical fallacy of assuming that the sovereign in the Republic are all citizens, regardless that who is a citizen is determined by positive law which is a product of the state. The state, however, remains a secondary entity to the sovereign who specifies the state’s law regime. The above leads to the conclusion of the need to undertake research into the definition of the sovereign, who is the fundamental element of this regime. For this purpose, the analysis of constitutionalism achievements was undertaken as a direct basis for the formation of the state regime of the latest incarnation of the state of the Polish Nation – the Third Republic.
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