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1
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"Bibliografia zawartości wydawnictw muzeów w Polsce za lata 1945-1972. Druki zwarte i ciągłe", Maria Laskowska, Beata Pawłowska-Wilde, Warszawa 1974 : [recenzja]

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1976
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issue 1
70-71
2
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PRZYGOTOWANIA DO EDYCJI INWENTARYZACJI KAZIMIERZA STRONCZYŃSKIEGO

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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2007
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issue 2
51-66
EN
In 1844-1855, an inventory of historical monuments on the territory of the Kingdom of Poland established under the protectorate of the Russian Empire was made. The works financed with state resources in compliance with an issued instruction were carried out by Kazimierz Stronczyński, head of a State Commission, and assisted by a draughtsman and an archivist. Kazimierz Stronczynski (1809-1896), a heraldist, sfragistist, and a numismatist, was well prepared to fulfil this task. The delegation reached monuments in 410 towns within 5 guberniyas of the Kingdom. The fruit of the works in the form of five volumes of descriptions and 420 water-colour views in seven portfolios has luckily survived at the Print Cabinet of the Warsaw University Library. This tremendous work: the first in Europe state-run inventory of historical monuments, remains unpublished despite the fact that 150 years have elapsed since its creation,. It was only Michał Walicki in his essay of 1931 who analysed the works of Stronczynski and his co-workers. The inventory has only partially been used for conservation works. Publication of the monumental inventory has become the matter of pride. Therefore, on the initiative of the Warsaw University Library preparations to publish Stronczyński' work have been undertaken. A nine-person team of art historians headed by the author of the present article have made an attempt to reach the monuments described by Stronczyński in order to confront their present state of preservation with the original one from 150 years ago. For this purpose photographs were taken from the places from which watercolours had previously been painted. The elaborated commentaries did not only record changes, but also completed historical information using the most recent scholarly literature. Currently, attempts are being made to acquire financing to publish this colossal ten-volume work by Stronczyński.
3
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Grono Konserwatorów przy Oddziale Warszawskim SHS w latach 1975-1976

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1977
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issue 3-4
158-159
4
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Powołanie Komisji Ochrony Zabytków przez warszawskich historyków sztuki

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1972
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issue 2
124
5
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"Katalog rysunków architektonicznych ze zbiorów Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie. 1. Rysunki Napoleona Ordy", Zofia Kucielska, Zofia Tobiaszowa, Warszawa 1975 : [recenzja]

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1976
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issue 2
149-150
6
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O potrzebie słownika zasłużonych dla ochrony i konserwacji zabytków

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1971
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issue 2
142-143
EN
A proposal is advanced by the author to publ'ish a biographical dictionary of persons having merits fn the field of monument protection and conservation with a view in miind to preserve the memory of their contributions made for the sake of national culture. The publication of their biographies would offer an opportunity to perpetuate the latest history of monuments which have been subjected to conservation or, in several cases rebuilt quite anew after .the last war. Using questionnaries it is still possible today, the author says, to gather rich biographical material from personal information which can become not available after few years time.
7
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Komisja Ochrony Zabytków i Grono Konserwatorów przy Oddziale Warszawskim SHS

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1975
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issue 3-4
270-271
8
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Powołanie i działalność Towarzystwa Opieki nad Zabytkami Przeszłości z perspektywy siedemdziesięciu lat

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1978
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issue 2
99-103
EN
Thé Society for Protection of the Monuments of the Past, formed in 1906, exercised an extremely important role in preservation of Polish historical monuments in the Russian sector of partitioned Poland (where there did not exist a state conservation service) and also after Poland’s liberation in 1918. The Society assisted effectively the then scarce number of conservators, its activities having been conducted in many different lines: surveys and photographing of historical monuments, scientific research, elaboration of the methods of conservation, issuing of opinions and carrying out of conservation work on a large scale •— with regard to both the monuments of architecture and movables o f historical value, organization of exhibitions and scientific sessions, issuing of extensive catalogues and other publications. The Society was divided into a few sections all of them headed by experienced specialists, architects, artists, historians o f art, connected mostly with the Department of Architecture of the Warsaw College of Science and Technology. The seat of the Society was Baryczka House in 32 Old Town Market Square, Warsaw, where there was to be found the Society’s collection o f iconographical materials, libry and museum. The Society was dissolved by the Nazi occupation authorities in 1939 but its collection of the works of a rt saved due to the selfless efforts o f its former members. The Society for Protection o f Historical Monuments, formed in 1973, and referring to the tradition of its predecessor, commemorated the seventieth anniversary of the formation o f the Society for Protection of the Monuments of the Past by having organized a formal session in Warsaw on October 21, 1977.
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Działalność Komisji Ochrony Zabytków warszawskich historyków sztuki w 1972 r.

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1973
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issue 2
144-147
10
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Warszawskie Grono Konserwatorów przy SHS

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1974
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issue 4
336-337
11
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Wprowadzenie

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1993
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issue 3
209-210
EN
This issue of „Ochrona Zabytkow” contains seven articles which are the outcome of the second scientific-conservation conference held by the Association of Conservators o f Historical Monuments and entitled: „Reconstruction in Conservation”; the conference took place in Radzikow near Warsaw on 25-26 October 1990. The session presented many more p ap e rs than those published; some of the authors had not p rep a red their articles for publication. Nonetheless, the contributions p ro p o sed below concern a great variety of interesting topics: from reflections on reconstruction in the light of the development of conservation doctrines, to reconstructions o f architectonic mo n u ments, gardens and mobile monuments. Most attention was devoted to the reconstruction of monuments of architecture. All the authors agree as regards the significance of the problem at stake, and as a rule express their approval for undertakings of this kind. The scepticism towards reconstruction voiced by Mieczysław Kurzątkowski who p e rceives it as a negative p h en omen o n constitutes an indubitably useful signal for conservation ethics and a warning against a rash initiation of this type of work. This is th e second extensive presentation of the q uestion of reconstruction in „Ochrona Zabytkow”. A discussion involving outstanding members of the conservation milieu was featured by Bożena Wierzbicka in „Ochrona Zabytkow” issued in 1979 (no 3, p. 245-251). At the time, I embarked u p o n the problem of the value of the reconstruction of historical monuments in my capacity as the chairman of the Group of Conservators in the Warsaw Branch of the Association of Historians of Art, which held a conference on 19 January 1979. In 1985 the Ateliers for the Conservation of Historical Monuments published an important, albeit little known, work by Tadeusz Kowalski on The Reconstruction of Architectonic Monuments. Theory and Praxis. This is the first, but, I believe, not the last study on the subject which remains significant not only from the artistic and socialideological point of view but, as history has shown, also from the political point of view. Reconstructions whose intention is the restoration of the historical form are contrary to the Charter of Venice. Once again, a conservation doctrine which restricts activity, has b e en announced; it frequently proves impossible to apply it in a given situation and in a concrete place since it does not take into account the tradition of various cultures and social reaction. Many conservators share the opinion that forms which remain in accordance with the original state should and must be restored following w artime destruction. The reconstruction of a mo nument highly regarded by a given national community manifests resistance against barbarian violence an d expresses the will to survive and continue the progress of national culture. This is the reason why almost half a century after the en d of the second world war and quite possibly due to the enormous devastation of historical monuments which has taken place recently in former Yugoslavia, The York Charter for Reconstruction After War has b e en passed in July 1991.
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Rekonstrukcja zabytków architektury w Zamościu

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1993
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issue 3
210-222
EN
Zamość, a town founded in 1580 by Jan Zamoyski, the grand Crown hetman and chancellor, was designed by the Italian architect Bernardo Morando from Padua, on a plan close to the ideal towns depocted in Italian Renaissance treatises. Surrounded by New Italian fortifications, it survived up to the beginning of the nineteenth century in a Renaissance-Baroque form, with a palace, town hall, academy, churches of several creeds, and a central square fringed with houses with arcade porticos and high attic storeys. In 1820, during the Russian partition era, the private town was sold to the authorities of the Kingdom of Poland by Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski, and used exclusively as a fortress and a central army prison. The fortifications were modernized by General Mallet-Malletski. The Late Renaissance town gates were liquidated, and new ones were built in different places. Many of the stately buildings — the palace, academy, collegiate and monastic churches — were rebuilt in the spirit of conventional „army barracks” Classicism. The Armenian church and the monasteries of the Franciscans, regular and Reformed, were pulled down. Buildings were deprived not only of ornaments, but also of coats of arms and inscriptions. In this way, the historical traces of the former splendour dating from the period of a powerful and independent Commonwealth were intentionally obliterated. In 1866 it was decided to withdraw Russian troops from the antiquated fortress, and part of the fortifications were pulled down by the army. The town returned to its civilian status. When in 1918 Poland regained state independence, work was initiated on a gradual restoration of the former grandeur of Zamość. New undertakings consisted i. a. of the reconstruction of ruined churches and attic storeys, and of the recreation of the old town gates and even fortifications. In 1918-1930 a significant role in the revalorization of Zamość was played by Edward Kranz, the county architect, who was the first to commence research into the original forms of the monuments. Bastion IV was partially reconstructed according to his conceptions, and the old ravelin was made more legible upon the occasion of the establishment of a city park (1919-1926), on the site of the old fortifications, according to a project by Walerian Kronenberg (1918). The designs for the reconstruction of the facade of the church of the Reformed Franciscans and the finial of the collegiate church bell tower, demonstrated that Kranz was a supporter of unhampered, creative reconstruction, according to principles formulated in 1915 by the Society for the Protection of Monuments from the Past. The realizations, however, followed another course, outlined by the proposals of Alfred Lauterbach, inclined towards historical conservation. A broader programme of reconstruction was suggested in 1929 by Michał Pieszko, a geography teacher in the local secondary school. He postulated „to return the attic storeys, particularly in the Grand Market, and to restore the former grandeur of the academy and castle (palace)”, a wish which gradually became a fact. The attic storey of the town hall was reconstructed in 1937-1938 (T. Zaremba). A new, holistic approach to Zamość was expressed in the removal of all later additions from the facade of the houses in the Grand Market, the elimination of balconies and the opening of the arcades of the porticos (1936-1938). In their historical-architectonic study entitled The Zamość Fortress (1936), Jan Zachwatowicz and Stanisław Herbst referred to the ideas launched by Kranz, and proposed a „reconstruction of the outline of the fortification, even if only by means of unearthing the bastion enscarpments and curtain walls”. In 1938 Jan Zachwatowicz commenced the reconstruction of the rediscovered Old Lvov Gate (an undertaking interrupted by the outbreak of war in 1939). Postwar work initially concentrated on the losses in the Grand and Salt markets. Designs were made for two arcaded houses in a form similar to the original (Cz. Gawdzik, 1955-1957). Soon, the attic storey was restored to the synagogue (T. Zaremba, 1967). As foreseen by the Charter of Venice, the introduction of objects with modern forms into the historical complex proved to be a failure. Intensified revalorization of Zamość in connection with the approaching four hundredth anniversary of the town signified reconstruction ona a large scale. It included the attic storeys of five buildings in the northern row of houses in the Grand Market (W. Zin and team, 1979-1980), a feat performed upon the basis of relics found in situ and a water colour by Jozef W. Wilczyński from 1854. In the case of an attic storey and enscarpment reconstructed for a house in Kolegiacka Street, the foundation was only an illustration by Michał Elwiro Andriolli, from 1888 (project by H. Kossuth and G. Zamoyski, 1978). The reconstruction of the facades of the Old Lublin and Lvov gates was assisted by inventory drawings dating from the beginning of the nineteenth century. Work on the Old Lvov Gate, inaugurated in 1938, now included also inscriptions, coats of arms and figurai bas reliefs. This procedure remained in accordance with the position chosen by the author of the article. As a consultant of the project, he claimed that a historical monument is not only a work of art, in which a great role is played by the authenticity of the material, but also an ideological-historical monument, whose contents can be closely recreated in new material. Work was carried out on the town’s fortifications: the upper part of bastion VII (A. Kąsinowski, 1977-1984) and the curtain wall of the New Lublin Gate, which was revealed and supplemented (J. Radzik, 1977-1982). Further reconstruction was performed after and interval of several years, caused by an economic crisis. The historical form of the collegiate church was restored thanks to an inventory drawing from the beginning of the nineteenth century (T. Michalak, 1990-1991). A new important impulse for further revalorization and reconstruction of the historical monuments of Zamość was provided by the fact that in December 1992 the town was placed on the UNESCO list of world cultural heritage.
13
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Drzewa a ochrona historycznego krajobrazu w mieście

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Kowalczyk J.
Ochrona Zabytków
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1996
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issue 2
194-203
EN
Postulates calling for the protection of the historical landscape have become fashionable, but they are not accompanied by conservation undertakings. Conservators of Nature ignore the need for restoring the historical landscape in towns and oppose the removal of haphazardly planted trees although the latter often conceal the facades of churches and palaces, deforming the view. It is astonishing that the attitude of the conservators of Nature is frequently supported by conservators of historical monuments who apparently do not understand the essence of the urban historical landscape. This is the case in Warsaw where conservators of Nature and monuments jointly protest against the cutting of trees which shade i.a. the magnificent column facade of the Baroque Visitant church and the Baroque wing of the Royal Castle (facing the Vistula). The historical landscape of the Warsaw Escarpment, crowned with a row of places, can be admired only in iconographical sources since everything is hidden by a thick wall of trees. During a special conference on the Warsaw Escarpment (1993), opinions proposing to change this state of things were few. Professor Stefan Kurowski, a sociologist specialising in towns, formulated the thesis that: „Plant life in towns must be subjected to architecture and town planning solutions; consequently, it cannot be allowed to develop spontaneously”. Accidentally planted and self-seeding trees disfigure the landscape of many Polish cities. This is particularly true of the Renaissance „ideal” town of Zamość, where permission has not been given for the elimination of trees which conceal the restored facade of the monumental collegiate church. An exceptional instance of correct activity is the decision made by the voivodeship conservator to remove trees from the public square in Tykocin (middle of the eighteenth century), making it possible to restore its historical form.
14
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Wileńskie ołtarze późnobarokowe

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Kowalczyk J.
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
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2011
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vol. 73
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issue 3-4
359-370
EN
Wilno Late Baroque altars as a phenomenon of high artistic value have for long been of interest to the scholars. Marian Morelowski pointed to a great importance of the models from Andrea Pozzo’s treatise about shaping spatial compositions which served as the background to religious scenes. He referred this assumption to the arrangement of the set of altars in the chancel of the Jesuit Church of St. John in Wilno from the 1740s. Stanisław Lorentz has attributed this unusual architectural and spatial structure to the architect Jan Krzysztof Glaubitz. The structure of the Wilno altars was more thoroughly analyzed thanks to the precise inventory measurements carried out by the architect Piotr Bohdziewicz. According to Bohdziewicz, it is the set of altars in the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit in Wilno from 1753-60 that is to be regarded as an outstanding example of such liturgical-theatrical composition. Moreover, he discovered the author of the set, namely the architect Franciszek Hoffer.
15
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Pomnik Jordanów w Krakowie. Problem datowania i autorstwa

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Kowalczyk J.
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
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2012
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vol. 74
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issue 2
157-188
EN
The statue of Spytek Wawrzyniec Jordan and his family is located in the southern nave of St. Catherine’s Church in Cracow. He founded it for himself and the family. Spytek Wawrzyniec Jordan of Zakliczyn and Melsztyn, Cracow castellan, the first Senator in the Polish Kingdom, died on 11 March 1568. His monument is one of the most accomplished High Renaissance ones in Polish art. In the article, the dating of the statue of Jordans has been specified for a year before 1593 (on the grounds of the inscription on the tomb side). The attribution of the work to Santi Gucci is the result of its thorough analysis by the paper’s Author. The monument coincides with the first stage of Santi Gucci’s activity in Poland.
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