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EN
This article looks at a collection of 54 letters written by Bishop of Kamieniec Adam Stanisław Krasiński to Urszula Dembińska née Morsztyn between 1789-1790. The analysis of the obtained language material has been narrowed to a description of old verbal forms of language etiquette in predicative expressions, like: thanks, farewell, requests, apologies and greetings.
EN
Thirty two names of the duties and tributes have been considered in the article. The lingual material comes from the Jadownik, Maszkienice, Iwkowa and Uszwia judiciary-rural books, which are treated as Polish regional Monuments of the Brzesko region in the XVI and XVIII centuries. The analysed names are part of five-word groups: general names, obligations and money tributes’ names, obligations and tributes’ names provided in kind, obligations and tributes provided in labour, as well as names of other obligations and tributes. With regard to their structure, the names are not uniform. Some of them were lexemes created from various rudiments to formatives e.g. -izna (robocizna), -ina (danina, dziesięcina), -ek (podatek), -ość (powinność) and -ø (osep, najem, pobór). Words such as oprawa, posługa and powaba were created from verbal rudiments with the -a formative. They belong to the group of nouns which were created on the way to the change of paradigm from verbal into substantival. There is also a group of the so called nominalized neuter adjectives. These adjectives were created by means of certain formatives, for example the -ne formative (komorne, meszne, pamiętne, podymne, pogłówne, rękawiczne, robotne, stróżne) and the -owe formative (dymowe, korcowe, łanowe, serowe). In the gathered material most obligations and tributes’ names are indigenous words. Four of them (czynsz, popłatek, kanon and stacyja) have foreign etymology. The gathered vocabulary provides an interesting depiction of the region and its social-economic relations.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia nieopublikowane dotychczas dzieła rękopiśmienne zgromadzone w Archiwum Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka, powstałe w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Teksty te stanowią cenny i interesujący materiał dla analiz językoznawczych, poszerzają bowiem zasób naszej wiedzy o nowszą warstwę słownictwa zawodowego z zakresu górnictwa solnego w Polsce, której brak we wcześniejszych opracowaniach tekstowych. Na akta międzywojenne składają się m.in. księgi rachunków solnych, księgi sprzedaży soli, księgi magazynowania soli, zestawienia tygodniowe itp., a także plan ruchu żupy solnej w Wieliczce z 1939 r., publikacja z 1932 r., która zachowała się jedynie w postaci maszynopisu, autorstwa Antoniego Müllera – byłego dyrektora kopalni wielickiej.
XX
This paper is dedicated to the description of the idiomatic expression zamienić się w słup soli in contemporary Polish. First of all, the origin of this word combination was presented, and next – its lexicographic condition. Moreover, phraseological modifications were discussed (exchange, development, shortening and regulation), which a given idiomatic expression undergoes. Linguistic material was excerpted from the National Corpus of Polish and Internet sites.
EN
This article is an attempt to characterize the name Krystyna from the onomastic-theological point of view. The presented linguistic analysis is diachronic. On the one hand, it focuses on the presentation of this anthroponym as a baptismal name on the background of nationwide and regional naming traditions, and on the other, describes its popularity in religious names. The study also includes geography and frequency data from individual regions of Poland.
EN
The article presents 89 names which belong to plant lexis. The linguistic material was excerpted from short stories Ludzie stamtąd (People from There) by Maria Dąbrowska. The terminology which is discussed belongs to 10 lexical-semantic areas, namely: 1. Wild and cultivated trees; 2. Wild or cultivated bushes; 3. Wild and cultivated flowers; 4. Herbaceous plants; 5. Lichens; 6. Grasses; 7. Grains; 8. Vegetables; 9. Plant locations; 10. Plant fruits. These names serve a few important functions in the presented works: they take part in the creation of the presented world, they accompany the characters’ moods and emotions, they have a decorative function, and they also play a therapeutic (thus practical) role.
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