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EN
The author emphasizes that the correct interpretation of the Second Vatican Council, crucial to our perception of the present challenges for the Church, depends on the understanding of the Council’s pastoral character and of the relationship between the Church and the contemporary world. The author discusses two extreme positions concerning the Church’s attitude to the world: that of hostility and that of unconditional acceptance. The proponents of the former would point to the necessity of defending the Church against the world, while the proponents of the latter would encourage the Church to unconditionally accept the world and adapt to it by changing not only the ways of proclaiming the faith to contemporary man, but also the faith itself. The author rejects both positions, showing that the pastoral task of the Council was to identify new ways to proclaim the unchanged faith of the Church to man living in the changed – and continually changing – world. The author believes that to understand the present situation of Christianity – or even the situation of the religious phenomenon as such – it is necessary to find an appropriate philosophical framework for its interpretation. He claims that the widespread ideas of Spinoza and Marx have been proved inadequate in the course of history and that the appropriate conceptual tools may be provided by the thinkers following the tradition beginning with Pascal, such as John H. Newman and Antonio Rosmini. Summarized by Patrycja Mikulska
EN
In the essay, the author discusses the meaning of the Italian term “ambiente” and its Polish equivalent “środowisko” (social environment) understood as a circle of friends united by the common relationship to the centre of the circle – in this case Jesus Christ; ideally, its boundries are those of the Church. The author’s reflections are illustrated by the reminiscences of the formative events of his youth, such as his participation in the Communion and Liberation movement, in particular his encounter with Fr. Francesco Ricci, of his studies of Karol Wojtyła’s philosophy and cooperation with Pope John Paul II. In this context, the author also addresses the theological meaning of the concept of event, the concept of experience, the role of saints in history, and different interpretations of liberation theology. Summarized by Patrycja Mikulska
EN
The author explores Fr. Tadeusz Styczeń’s concept of ethics as an autonomous discipline based on moral experience as its specific starting point. Following Styczeń, he focuses on the demonstration of the possibility of creating ethics that would be, on the one hand, centred on the human person as a subject, and on the other hand – objective. Placing Styczeń’s ideas, inspired by Karol Wojtyła, in the context of the history of philosophy, he presents the so conceived of objective ethics of the person as a solution to the fundamental dilemmas of modern and contemporary thought.   Summarized by Patrycja Mikulska
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