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Idea federalizmu w doktrynie Michała Bakunina

100%
Duda K.
Nowa Krytyka
|
2013
|
issue 30/31
209-226
EN
The subject of the following paper is the issue of federalism, which was absorbing Bakunin's attention since he met J. P. Proudhon – the XIXth century creator of ideological foundations of federalism theory. One of the main components of Bakunin's doctrine was the concept of decentralisation. Projects of communities which were meant to work basing on the federalist principles were being opposed to growing centalisation of nation-states, additionaly accused of cultural uniformisation, monopolising the power, destruction the social fabric and appropriation of regional commons. The link between religion and the institutions of the state was, in Bakunin's mind, clearly obvious, as he saw the religion as an ideological base of power and exploitation apparatus. The paper clashes two different models of federalism. Both – the theory of intrastate decentralisation and federalism as a model for peaceful european integration – are oppsed to state-souvereignity theory. Both of them are visibly incoherent with XIXth century origins of federalist idea, which inspired Bakunin.
2
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Zasady anarchistycznej etyki niezależnej w myśli Piotra Kropotkina

100%
Duda K.
Kultura i Wartości
|
2015
|
issue 14
DE
Die Philosophie von Kropotkin bildet eine innovative Entwicklung ethischer Programme des Individualismus, Nihilismus, Sozialdarwinismus und naturalistischen Utilitarismus. Kropotkins Ethik ist von religiösen Voraussetzungen vollkommen frei. Kropotkin schlägt gegenseitige Hilfe und Zusammenarbeit zum Überleben vor, weil es ohne Solidarität des Individuums und der Gattung in der Tierwelt keinen Fortschritt und keine Verbesserungen gegeben hätte. Der Kampf ums Überleben ist laut Kropotkin ein Bedürfnis der Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der Arten, des Bündnisses zwecks Überlebens. In diesem Zusammenhang sollte der Kampf ums Überleben als ein Kampf durch Zusammenarbeit verstanden werden – die Zusammenarbeit wird zur Waffe.
EN
Kropotkin's philosophy is a creative modification of such ethical programs as individualism, nihilism, social Darwinism and naturalistic utilitarianism. His ethics convictions are completely free from religious assumptions. He suggested mutual help and cooperation for survival, because without solidarity of an individual and his species, animal world would neither develop, nor improve. Struggle for survival as defined by Kropotkin is the need for inner-species alliance, cooperation for survival. In this context, fight for survival should be understood as fight through cooperation, cooperation becomes a weapon.
PL
Filozofia Kropotkina to twórcze rozwinięcie etycznych programów indywidualizmu, nihilizmu, darwinizm społecznego i naturalistycznego utylitaryzmu. Etyka Kropotkina jest zupełnie wolna od religijnych założeń. Proponuje on pomoc wzajemną i współpracę w celu przetrwania, ponieważ bez solidarności jednostki i gatunku w świecie zwierzęcym nie byłoby ani rozwoju ani ulepszeń. Walka o przetrwanie wedle Kropotkina jest potrzebą wewnątrzgatunkowej współpracy, sojuszu w celu przetrwania. W tym kontekście walka o byt powinna być rozumiana jako walka poprzez współpracę – współpraca staje się bronią.
3

Lewą naprzód. Ideologia i walka klas u młodego Zygmunta Baumana

63%
Czapnik S., Duda K.
Nowa Krytyka
|
2015
|
issue 34
123-142
EN
This paper shows the analysis of the Zygmunt Bauman’'s thought in his marxist period (1960s). Article starts with Bauman’'s statement on importance of social sciences and humanities in the building of socialist Poland’'s Peoples Republic. Then author analyzes category of „ideology”, a four main modern ideologies: conservative, liberal, ideology of christianity and communist. Next chapter is focused on the issue of class warfare. This paper contains also general characteristics of terms „alienation” and „commodity fetishism” in Marxian thought. Young Bauman was communist and radical follower of the marxism. In conclusion, author in short underlines, that ideology could be helpful in scientific enterprise, but only, if thinker is consciously choosing ideology and knows its strong and weak sides.
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