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EN
The paper discusses some theoretical aspects of the superlative constructions of the type 'el mejor caballo de Espana', in particular their discontinuous character both within immediate constituents grammar and dependency grammars. An alternative analysis is proposed, according to which the structures in question are derived from constructions of the form of 'elegir el mejor caballo de todos los caballos de Espana', with obligatory haplology. The analysis also accounts for the alternative (specific and non-specific) readings of such phrases and shows how superlative constructions maintain their attributive character throughout the entire derivation.
EN
The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the different and often conflicting approaches to information structure and to propose a modified approach to some linguistic phenomena related to it. For the purpose of this paper information structure is roughly equated with the so-called thematic-rhematic structure of a sentence or utterance (e.g. Boguslawski 1977), originally described as actual sentence analysis (Mathesius 1939), or communicative dynamism and/or functional sentence perspective (Firbas 1992).
EN
The paper discusses a claim, presented by Linde-Usiekniewicz in her book From Conflict Through Compromise to Collaboration: Semantics, Syntax and Information Structure in Natural Languages, about similarities between some elements of her framework and de Saussure’s langue vs. parole distinction. The framework discussed, called Encoding Grammar, distinguishes language structures that comprise lexical units and their configurations available within a given language and representations of sentences and utterances that appear at different stages of encoding. The paper argues that while there is some valid correspondence between the notion of structure and that of langue, the analogy does not hold for representations and parole.
EN
This paper discusses an application of Relevance Theory methodology to an analysis of a literary text: a short story of Gabriel García Márquez “Buen viaje, señor Presidente” and its English translation. “Close reading” technique carried out on rather linguistic than literary basis allows for adding yet another layer of interpretation to this complex story. The analysis concentrates on the representation of direct speech and particularly on the impact of direct speech framing clauses on the reading of dialogic turns. Specifically, it is argued that the explicit mention of the addressee by indirect object pronouns (which are optional in direct speech framing turns) in Spanish makes the tension between the two protagonists even more palpable, therefore apparently courteous turns can be interpreted as defiant or otherwise antagonistic. In English similar role is played by the contrast between the absence of quotative inversion with subject pronouns and its presence when speakers are identified by full nominals. The parallel effect in both linguistic versions is traced to the distinction between linguistic items carrying mainly conceptual meaning (nominals) and carrying mainly procedural meaning (pronouns) and to the different ways these two kind of elements are processed in comprehension. The paper also provides some arguments for leaving aside literary considerations and treating a literary text as an act of ostensive communication.
EN
The paper presents a proposal of a novel sense division for the Polish lexeme 'jechac', arising from an attempt to match the dictionary sense with an appropriate FrameNet frame. Polish lexicography proposes a single sense for all cases of humans going on land by some means of transportation, in order to contrast the verb 'jechac' with the verb 'isc' (to go on foot). However, all factual examples of use of the verb 'jechac' can easily be matched with one of three relevant frames: 'Operate_vehicle', 'Ride_vehicle' and 'Travel', at least from the wider context. The paper shows how a parallel sense division can be established using purely linguistic, i.e. syntactic and semantic, criteria.
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