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Socjologia i socjolodzy w zglobalizowanym świecie. Kilka uwag o socjologiach narodowych

100%
Polak P.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2012
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issue 3(206)
124-143
EN
The problems and challenges sociology faces at the beginning of the 21st century are the subject matter of the article. The discipline has to deal with the new themes and problems linked to globalization and supranational phenomena. The question about the future of Polish sociology posed by Piotr Sztompka is the point of departure for the author of this article. She relates to the Ulrich Beck’s idea of cosmopolitanism and the need of a new cosmopolitan sociology. The author demonstrates that the development of a new approach to social analysis is crucial. This new cosmopolitan approach should break away from the traditional method of perceiving social phenomena as confined to nation-state boundaries. The article also addresses the issue of the sociology’ and sociologists’ role in the public sphere of contemporary societies.
PL
Artykuł rekonstruuje niektóre problemy i wyzwania, jakie stoją dziś przed socjologią. Musi ona stawić czoło nowym tematom i problemom, związanym z globalizacją, i przekraczającym granice państwowe zjawiskom. Autorka wychodzi od pytania postawionego przez Piotra Sztompkę o istnienie socjologii polskiej. Nawiązuje do idei kosmopolitycznego świata i potrzeby stworzenia w nim kosmopolitycznej socjologii, jaką postuluje Ulrich Beck. Poka-zuje, że dziś konieczne jest stworzenie nowego podejścia do analizy społeczeństwa, zrywającego z „metodologicznym nacjonalizmem”, ograniczającym się wyłącznie do badania zjawisk w obrębie granic danego kraju. W artykule poruszane są również problemy roli socjologów we współczesnym świecie, w sferze publicznej i mediach.
2
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COMMUNIQUÉ What is happening to the society? 14th Polish Sociological Congress, Kraków, 8–11 September 2011

100%
Polak P.
Polish Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 172
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issue 4
515-520
3
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Formal and Informal Rules of Doing Business in Poland in the Context of Accession to the European Union: An Analysis of the Institutional Changes

51%
Bukowski A., Gadowska K., Polak P.
Polish Sociological Review
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2014
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vol. 188
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issue 4
475-508
EN
From the perspective of new institutionalism, this article studies the rules of doing business in Poland in the context of the country’s accession to the European Union. The article’s starting point is the premise that interaction between formal and informal institutions leads to an institutional balance or imbalance and determines the final shape of the economy and its effectiveness. Accordingly, the authors analyze four types of relations occurring between the formal and informal rules of doing business in Poland: (1) the influence of the restrictiveness of regulations on informal relations between the public administration and business; (2) the relation between the low effectiveness of the law in regards to running a business and informal adaptive reactions; (3) the effects of EU law on business strategies; (4) the effects of the global economy on the extent and forms of cooperation between the public administration and business. Analysis of empirical material provides a basis for constructing four institutional models of the rules of doing business in Poland: the ‚antagonistic’ model, in which the administration and business are striving for mutually exclusive goals; the ‚parallel’ model, where formal and informal institutions create separate orders; the ‚alternative’ model, in which formal, new, EU solutions are created; and the ‚integrated’ model, where actors are encouraged to realize common aims.
4
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Barriers and Obstacles in the Process of Awarding and Implementation of EU Funds in Poland. Systemic Analysis

51%
Gadowska K., Bukowski A., Polak P.
Polish Sociological Review
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2008
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vol. 164
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issue 4
437-470
EN
The article deals with the issue of structural and cohesion funding by the European Union in Poland. Although all funds for the first programming period 2004–6 were allocated, the process did not occur without problems. Therefore, in our paper we point to the weaknesses of the system and some of the crucial barriers that hindered efficient fund allocation: faulty institutional and legal framework, bureaucracy, corruption and personnel deficits. We base our findings on research of interviews carried out in four regions of Poland. Referring to Niklas Luhmann’s theory of autopoietic system, we sketch an image of an unevenly differentiated political system, in which administration and politics prevail over the underdeveloped and weak public, incapable of counteracting trends of politicization and expanded bureaucracy. By showing evolution and reproduction of the system, we relate to its deficits and their importance to future use of the flow of EU funds.
5
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Zaufanie w strategiach polskich przedsiębiorców

51%
Bukowski A., Gadowska K., Polak P.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2014
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issue 3(214)
67–106
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest zaufanie i jego formy w kontekście indywidualnej aktywności gospodarczej. Autorzy zastanawiają się, do jakich konkretnych form zaufania (osobistego, uogólnionego) sięgają przedsiębiorcy w różnych sferach swojej działalności, jakie są przyczyny ich wyborów oraz ich skutki dla prowadzenia biznesu. Problematyka zaufania analizowana jest w trzech podstawowych sferach działalności przedsiębiorców: prawa, kontaktów z urzędnikami i relacjach z innymi przedsiębiorcami. Postawiona zostaje teza, że na skutek uwarunkowań historycznych, w tym utrwalonego systemu funkcjonowania państwa i prawa, a także sposobu tworzenia przepisów o działalności gospodarczej, wśród polskich przedsiębiorców wytworzyła się uogólniona nieufność wobec prawa, administracji państwa i innych przedsiębiorców. Badania w formie indywidualnych wywiadów pogłębionych z ponad 100 przedsiębiorcami z czterech województw Polski Południowej potwierdzają, że instytucje państwa, prawa oraz administracji państwowej stanowią w Polsce przeszkodę w budowaniu uogólnionych form kapitału społecznego i generują brak zaufania, zamiast przyczyniać się do wzmacniania postaw obywatelskich i wytwarzać uogólnione zaufanie do innych (także partnerów biznesowych). Przy deficycie zaufania uogólnionego, przedsiębiorcy muszą zatem wypracowywać rozmaite strategie budowy, stającego się podstawą nawiązywania kontaktów gospodarczych, osobistego zaufania (zarówno w stosunku do innych przedsiębiorców, jak i urzędników), co jednak drastycznie podnosi tzw. koszty transakcyjne prowadzenia firmy.
EN
This article deals with trust in the context of doing business. Authors are particularly interested in what forms of trust (personal, generalized) Polish entrepreneurs resort to in various spheres of their activity, what are the grounds for their choices and what consequences they have for their own businesses. The problem of trust is analyzed in 3 major areas: legal regulations of business, contacts with public officials and relations with other companies. Authors claim that, due to historical background, including an established legal framework and ways of state functioning and lawmaking in business activity, generalized distrust towards the law, public administration and other companies has emerged among Polish entrepreneurs. Qualitative research in the form of over 100 in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs from 4 voivodeships of Southern Poland corroborate the hypothesis, that the state (and legal) institutions, as well as state administration interfere with building generalized forms of social capital and generate social distrust, instead of contributing to reinforcing civic attitudes and generating generalized trust towards others (including business partners). With deficits of generalized trust, companies need to come up with various strategies of building personal trust (towards other entrepreneurs and public officials). Therefore, personal trust becomes a basis of establishing business relations, which, in turn, drastically increases so-called transaction costs of doing business.
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