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EN
The main aim of this article is to analyse the essence and usefulness of beyond-academic usage of oral history as a particularly important part of public history. It discusses oral history as a part of public history as practised by some Polish socio-cultural institutions who concentrate on documenting people’s memories. The author focuses her attention of four centres documenting people’s accounts and their recordings collections. In her opinion, these main Polish centres are: the “Grodzka Gate – NN Theatre” in Lublin, the History Meeting House and the KARTA Centre, the “Topografie” Association in Łódź and the Remembrance and Future” Center in Wrocław. In order to be able to fully analyse separate social initiatives in Poland, one needs to, in the first place, pay attention to the uniqueness of oral history in the post-Communist countries. Having this context in mind, it is easier to present the way this technique has been adapted to the documentary arena in Poland. First and foremost, the author is most interested in what subjects are covered within the scope of programmes run by these institutions, and what picture of the past is promoted by these institutions in today’s public sphere. She also tackles issues connected with social archive studies conducted by the institutions she is talking about. It is her opinion, that by archiving the testimonies of witnesses to history, these institutions successfully fulfil their task: they do not make their findings and knowledge a secret, they do not treat it as something only a small group of chosen researchers on contemporary history can have access to. Instead, they make it available to anyone who is willing to learn history as presented in individual witnesses’ stories. Somewhere in the background remains the question of the avant-garde and outsiders division, as towards the end of the article the author wants to present as fully as possible the place of beyond-academic oral history in Poland as compared to oral history developed by academic circles.
PL
The article discusses a wide range of aspects concerning the Holomodor – the Great Famine in the Soviet Union in the years 1932–1933. The author focuses on examining the processes of creating a collective image of the Great Famine and the role of individual memory of its survivors in building this image. Analyzing the memories of the survivors the author deals with distortions and myths which has grown up around the Holomodor. The significance of this disaster for the Ukrainian identity is also the subject of the analysis.
EN
This text has come to life from the belief that there is a need of reflection on the issue of translation of oral history accounts as a part of researcher’s technique. In spite of the importance of the quality of narrative sources translations, this subject is often disregarded by researchers dealing with oral history not only in Poland but also abroad. So far only the British oral history researchers have been interested in this subject. Therefore in my own observations I focused on the questions of genre classification of oral history narrations, existence of cultural community between the interviewee and the researcher, including the question of whether the researcher knows the language of the researched group or people, I also considered social and cultural background in translations of biographic narrations. I find these matters crucial for proper understanding and translation of biographic narrations content to the reader’s language. Issues raised by me are illustrated with examples of translations prepared for my recent research on national and religious repression in memory of the Poles in Kazakhstan. This choice was motivated by the intention to present my methodological remarks on the most challenging translation available. Most of the analyzed narrations were recorded in Russian, Ukrainian, Polish as well as their numerous dialect variations.  Drawing researchers’ attention to language perspective of recorded and analyzed narrations makes one conscious that each time a narration is presented in an academic text, it has already been altered in many ways by the researcher. Therefore I present various methodological proposals, share my observations and indicate that it is necessary to continuously improve one’s research technique when translating and analyzing foreign oral sources. 
PL
This text has come to life from the belief that there is a need of reflection on the issue of translation of oral history accounts as a part of researcher’s technique. In spite of the importance of the quality of narrative sources translations, this subject is often disregarded by researchers dealing with oral history not only in Poland but also abroad. So far only the British oral history researchers have been interested in this subject. Therefore in my own observations I focused on the questions of genre classification of oral history narrations, existence of cultural community between the interviewee and the researcher, including the question of whether the researcher knows the language of the researched group or people, I also considered social and cultural background in translations of biographic narrations. I find these matters crucial for proper understanding and translation of biographic narrations content to the reader’s language. Issues raised by me are illustrated with examples of translations prepared for my recent research on national and religious repression in memory of the Poles in Kazakhstan. This choice was motivated by the intention to present my methodological remarks on the most challenging translation available. Most of the analyzed narrations were recorded in Russian, Ukrainian, Polish as well as their numerous dialect variations. Drawing researchers’ attention to language perspective of recorded and analyzed narrations makes one conscious that each time a narration is presented in an academic text, it has already been altered in many ways by the researcher. Therefore I present various methodological proposals, share my observations and indicate that it is necessary to continuously improve one’s research technique when translating and analyzing foreign oral sources. 
EN
The article describes the correspondence legacy of Countess Ksawera Grocholska (1807–1872) a member of the Polish landed gentry, philanthropist, amateur artist, and owner of the Kniazhe estate in the Jampol county in Podolia. The described letters have not been the subject of research so far. The discovered letters have been divided into three basic categories: family and private letters, writings concerning aid activities, and official letters.
PL
W artykule została opisana spuścizna korespondencyjna hrabiny Ksawery Grocholskiej (1807–1872), polskiej ziemianki, filantropki, artystki amatorki, właścicielki majątku Kniaże w powiecie jampolskim na Podolu. Wspomniane listy dotychczas nie stanowiły przedmiotu badań. Odnalezione listy zostały podzielone na trzy zasadnicze kategorie: rodzinne i prywatne, dotyczące działalności pomocowej oraz urzędowe.
EN
This article is dedicated to the former Catholic cemetery in Czerniowce Podolskie (Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine). In the spring of 2009, a group of students under the supervision of the authors conducted a field study, the purpose of which was to record any remaining tombstone inscriptions, establish the identity of the people interred there, and tidy up the cemetery itself. All the gravestones found date from before the revolution and have inscriptions in the Polish language. The information provided by those inscriptions concerns the parishioners of the Czerniowce parish. It is interesting to note that those names number among the most distinguished noble families of Podolia: Houses of Bilinski, Jakubowski, Komarnicki, Nagorniszczewski, Pilawski, Rozycki, Sobolewski, Witkowski i Wydzgo. One of the most interesting finds was the sepulchral chapel of the Mańkowski family – very important to the history of the region. The family mausoleum was built in the classical style, in a manner that was characteristic of the nineteenth-century landed gentry of Kresy. Until recently, it has served as a church for the local Orthodox parish. During the field study, a number of facts were established concerning those buried at the cemetery with the use of a comprehensive genealogical, archival and press research, and by interviewing the local residents. It is the authors’ firm belief that even such a ruined cemetery can make a significant contribution to the studies of the region’s past. The history of the lands of Czerniowce should not be deprived of their Polish chapters. The aim of the article is to increase the awareness of scholars and the general public alike and to draw their attention to the fate of the monuments of Polish cultural heritage outside the country.
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