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Polish Combatants’ Association in Canada and Its Support for Solidarity Movement and Polish Refugees in 1980s

100%
Paluszkiewicz-Misiaczek M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2018
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vol. 44
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issue 4 (170)
77–96
EN
The aim of this paper is to present support rendered by Polish veterans in Canada for the “Polish cause” in 1980s – i.e. during the brief “carnival of Solidarity” and subsequent period of martial law which resulted in massive wave of emigrants leaving the country between 1981– –1987. The scope of engagement of Polish WWII veterans settled in Canada into various forms of assistance for the Solidarity movement in Poland (demonstrations, petitions, fundraising) and combatants’ attitude towards the new wave of political and economic immigrants arriving from Poland to the Country of Maple Leaf in 1980s. is presented on the basis of archival documents (by-laws, regulations, financial reports, internal correspondence) and press releases (“SPK w Kanadzie” – quarterly magazine of the Polish Combatants Association in Canada).
2
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The Soldier’s Return – the Canadian WWI Veteran Care System

100%
Paluszkiewicz-Misiaczek M.
Białostockie Teki Historyczne
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2017
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vol. Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2017, tom 15
EN
In Canada World War I has been called the Great War until now. As part of the British Empire, the Dominion of Canada entered the war when Great Britain declared war against Germany on 4th August 1914. During four years of this conflict over 600 000100 soldiers served in the Canadian army , among whom 66 000 were killed and app. 150 000 wounded. This article presents the most important challenges and problems connected with the process of creating a pioneer state veteran care system in Canada for veterans of Expeditionary Force fighting in the western front. In effect of efforts of the Ministry of Demobilization and Reintegration of Soldiers, an extensive (at that time) system of medical care, allowances, disability pensions and professional training for the disabled veterans was successfully established. Thus, Canada offered the highest standard of benefits offered to veterans and became a leader among other countries taking part in WWI. Nevertheless, imperfections of the pioneer system and an unfavorable economic situation in the first two years after the war and during the great crisis caused that before the outbreak of WWII, veterans had become a social group who often demonstrated their discontent.
PL
W Kanadzie I wojna światowa do dziś nazywana jest Wielką Wojną (The Great War). Jako część Imperium Brytyjskiego Dominium Kanady przystąpiło do niej z chwilą wypowiedzenia przez Wielką Brytanię wojny Niemcom 4 sierpnia 1914 roku. W trakcie 4 lat konfliktu w armii kanadyjskiej służyło ogółem ponad 600 000101 żołnierzy, z których ponad 66 000 poległo, zaś ok. 150 000 zostało rannych. Tekst niniejszy przedstawia najważniejsze wyzwania i problemy związane z procesem tworzenia w Kanadzie pionierskiego, państwowego systemu opieki nad weteranami Korpusu Ekspedycyjnego, walczącymi na froncie zachodnim. Dzięki wysiłkom Ministerstwa ds. Demobilizacji i Reintegracji Żołnierzy udało się zbudować szeroki, jak na ówczesne czasy, system opieki medycznej, zasiłków, rent i szkoleń zawodowych dla inwalidów wojennych. Tym samym Kanada stała się pod względem zakresu i wysokości oferowanych weteranom świadczeń liderem wśród pozostałych państw biorących udział w I wojnie światowej. Niemniej jednak niedociągnięcia pionierskiego systemu w połączeniu z niesprzyjającymi warunkami ekonomicznymi w pierwszych dwóch latach po wojnie oraz podczas wielkiego kryzysu sprawiły, iż przed wybuchem II wojny światowej weterani stali się grupą społeczną często demonstrującą swoje niezadowolenie.
3

Colonization and Decolonization of Inuit Population in Canada

100%
Paluszkiewicz-Misiaczek M.
Ad Americam
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2010
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vol. 11
91-97
EN
The aim of the paper is to present specific way of colonization of the Canadian North with its typical outcomes and results, as well as contemporary attempts of 'decolonization' aiming at healing the ills and mistakes of the past. The Inuit were the last of the aboriginal groups in Canada to face contacts with European newcomers. It was due to the fact that for a long time their land was considered uninviting, frozen and absolutely barren. Thus, the first contacts were infrequent and connected mainly with attempts of geographical exploration (Hearne, Mackenzie) and establishment of few trading posts (Fort Smith, Fort of Good Hope, Coppermine). Demand for whale oil and baleen in 1850s brought the first bigger wave of explorers to the north and facilitated contacts with the local people. Another big wave of northern expansion came with mineral resources boom, Klondike Gold Fever in 1896 and later search for oil, gas, platinum and uranium. Larger scope of contacts with white people had substantial impact on the life of Inuit population resulting in gradual change of lifestyle, exploitation, family breakdown, diseases and alcohol. The process of 'decolonization' began in late 1970s and early 1980s with revival of native population issues, especially the problem of land ownership, share of Inuit population in the profits from resources exploitation, interest in ecology and environmental protection. Creation of Nunavut in 1999 became so far the most marking step in the attempt to satisfy political, geographical and social claims of the Inuit population.
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