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EN
This paper discusses the transformation from analogue to digital agriculture (smart farming) and the laws and regulations affecting the governance of agricultural data in the EU. It is argued that the current legal and policy framework in the EU is insufficient to serve the needs of responsible smart farming systems. Specifi c characteristics of farm data and patterns in farm data collection and use contribute to market failuresin agricultural data markets and hence to the insufficient provision of public goods through agriculture. The key parts of the smart farming data value chain are shaped by private contractual agreements between farmer and agricultural technology providers that do not take into account the potential negative externalities of established data flows. There is a strong rationale for a new data economy for EU agriculture, implying a greater involvement of the state in the smart farming data value chain. Interventions would be needed both to support the ecosystem for datadriven innovations in farming and to minimize the risk of new economic and social inequalities in the agriculture sector. The creation of an EU-wide farm data repository under the auspices of EU institutions andin tegrating public agricultural data with private farmers’ data subject to anonymisation and aggregation can be seen as a first step towards a new data economy for EU agriculture. Also, the Common Agricultural Policyshould be more involved in and committed to the process of the digital transformation of farming in the EU.
EN
The article attempts to assess the impact of co‑decision procedure (ordinary legislative procedure) on the shape of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform for the period 2014‑2020. First, procedural models used in the analysis of decision‑making in the European Union are discussed. The second part of the article highlights the process and the results of recent reforms of the CAP. Legislative proposals of the European Commission and the negotiations between the EU Council, the European Parliament and the Commission concerning the CAP after 2013 are analyzed. The final part of the article evaluates the CAP reform from the perspective of procedural models. The analysis indicates that the new decision‑making procedure has not fundamentally affected the results of the reform. The European Parliament’s role in the process of reforming the CAP has been limited both due to inadequate institutional preparation and insufficient expertise in agricultural policy matters. In some areas, the results achieved under the co‑decision procedure were closer to the status quo point than the results predicted by the model of consultation procedure. The inclusion of the European Parliament to the decision‑making process has not broadened the range of represented interests. On the contrary, one could observe an increased dominance of agricultural interest groups in the decision‑making process. In conclusion, the introduction of co‑decision procedure has not increased the chances for a fundamental reform in the CAP. Also, it has not strengthened the democratic legitimacy of the policy.
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