Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Integracja krajów RWPG w dziedzinie artykułów konsumpcyjnych i jej uwarunkowania systemowe - artykuł dyskusyjny

100%
Miciński A., Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
|
1989
|
vol. 95
EN
The countries of the CMEA must adopt quite new and different conceptions of development of consumer goods industries if the growing demands of their populations are to be met. Autarky and self-sufficiency policy combined with limited exchange of goods that are in excess in domestic markets have to be replaced by considerable growth of participation of the countries in question in the international division of labour. Growth of trade in manufactured consumer goods among the socialist countries would be of particular advantage for all of them. Similar effects should be expected from some other forms of international cooperation. Nevertheless, if the trade and other cooperation forms are to develop some serious reforms in the rules of the working of the CMEA are necessary. Namely, a situation must be created where the integration links in consumer goods industries would be only very generally monitored and influenced by central economic authorities. Oecisions whether to establish such links and which partner or method to select should be taken at the level of enterprises.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Warunki korzystania z zewnętrznych źródeł finansowania rozwoju gospodarczego Polski w latach 1970-1990

100%
Buczkowski B. M., Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
|
1988
|
vol. 87
EN
Possibilities and terme of utilizin g externa l sources of financing were in the seventies and they will be in the eighties one of significant elements of external determinants affecting Poland 's economic strategy. In the first half of the seventies, the Western creditors were displaying a relatively big readiness to extend their credits to Poland, while the terms on which these credits were granted were relatively advantageous (low interest rate, long repayment periods). The terms of obtaining credits in the capitalist countries deteriorated cons iderably in the second half of the seventies. It was caused both by a rise in the interest rate in the Western monetary and capital markets (due to in crease in inflation rate) and deterioration of Poland’s credit s tanding. Consequently, Poland was getting credit terms worse than average (higher interest rate s and shorter repaymentt ime). In the early eighties, Poland did not have any possibilities of contracting new credits in the industrialized capitalist countries (wi th the exception of insingnificant amounts of revolving credits), because the repayment of earlier credits had not been legally regulated. The private banks ceased to grant further credit s for economic reasons (big credit risk), while the government export-financing institutions had done that for political reasons. On the other hand, Poland obtained refinanced credits during this time whose terms were disadvantageous (worse than those which were stipulated in earlier credit agreements), although they did not depart from average costs of refinancing operations incurred by other debtor countries. The analysis of forecasts concerning basic economic indices in the industrialized capitalist countries for the years 1985- 1995 allows to draw a conclusion that the interest rate will be stabilzed at a relatively low level from 1986 (or it may be even further decreased). That will pave the way for reduction of costs connected with the servicing of previous debts and costs of contracting new credits in the period 1986- 1995. There is also likely to be increased the propensity of Western creditors to grant further credits to Poland as a result of increased creditreliabilityof Poland, which has been due to the country's admission to the International Monetary Fund and to its improved economic indices.
3
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Bariery pozataryfowe w handlu Wschód-Zachód, analiza i ocena

100%
Dzikowska-Zawirska J., Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
|
1988
|
vol. 87
EN
The main aim of this article is a nalysis of non-tariff barriers existing in East-West trade in the seventies and early eighties. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the authoress presents var ious factors affecting mutual trade and statistical data concerning this trade. The second part discusses the main non-tariff barriers hampering East-West trade. The article ends with deliberations on the ways of solving the; analysed problem.
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Uwagi na temat wpływu opodatkowania na wyrównywanie międzygałęziowej stopy zysku

100%
Czerkawski K., Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
|
1988
|
vol. 87
EN
The article analyzes the impact of taxation on the level of interbranch profitrate. The analysis has been performed on the bas is of a simplified model of one-sector closed economy with n'th industrial branches. In the model, there has been distinguished a category of the so- called "in terbranch net average profit after taxation", with general conditions for the shaping of this profit at the level average for the economy being formulated. The model is verified in the second part of the article, which discusses interrelationships between rate of profit, rate of tax exemptions, effective tax rate and official tax rate. Their discussion leads to formulation of the so-called conditions of the model's compatibility with empirical findings. The empirical findings come from primary sources and statistical materials concerning Japan's economy in 1980.
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Przedsiębiorstwo międzynarodowe jako forma integracji socjalistycznej na przykładzie polsko-czochocłowackiej Spedycyjnej Spółki "Spedrapid"

100%
Szczakowski Z., Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
|
1989
|
vol. 95
EN
"Spedrapid" is a joint venture established under the Polish commercial law in the form of a limited liability company. The shareholders on the Polish side is the International Forwarding Enterprise " Ľ . Hartwig" in Szczecin and on the Czechoslovak side - the International Forwarding and Freighting Enterprise “Czechofracht". The company was set up to service the transit of Czechoslovak goods accruss the territory of f-oland to ports in Gdynia and Szczecin. Dynamic growth of Czechoslovak transit cargoes till the seventies witnessed a slow-down m the following уеэгз. The author analyzes the factors which caused that slow-down in transit services and changes to be effected in operations of "Spedrapid" to restore former dynamics of transit growth.
6
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Проблемы функционирования совместных предприятий в странах - членах СЭВ

100%
Szczakowski Z., Instytut Handlu Zagranicznego U. Ł.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica
|
1989
|
vol. 97
EN
The establishing of joint ventures in the CMEA member-countries is an objective process in development of their economies paving the way for transition to a higher level of social effectiveness of activity end for promotion of the international labour division. In the CKFA, Joint ventures allow to satisfy better needs especially in groups of deficit goods, concentrate production and scientific-technical activities, and ensure freer transfer or scientific - technical innovations and capital. Development of Joint ventures is in the CMEA contries to encounter numeous difficulties in such fields as insufficient infrastructure, and in particular, unsatisfactorу functioning of economic mechanism, and especially in the foreign currency - financial sphere. There must be also amended legislative acts of these countries.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.