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EN
The article scrutinizes some of the key problems of the British indirect rule in colonial Tanganyika. The country was one of the mandated territories of the League of Nations administered by the British. In the mid 1920s its local administration was reformed by the then governor Donald Cameron. He based local government and judiciary on institutions he perceived as legitimized by tradition, although in many instances the "tradition" was invented during the colonial times and some of the "traditional" institutions were forged ad hoc when he was implementing his reform. Native Authority was given broader powers than were usually granted to chiefs in the areas ruled indirectly in tropical Africa. They were not only expected to police their subjects and judge minor cases, but were also charged with some legislation and budgeting. The author uses the examples of two contrasting regions of colonial Tanganyika (Usambara and Uluguru) to illustrate how the traditional discourses of authority were challenged by the processes of modernization - especially education and new methods in the agriculture - and how it led to political conflicts and the growth of modern opposition in the 1950s.
EN
Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na kwestii wiarygodności dziewiętnastowiecznych brytyjskich raportów konsularnych jako źródeł w badaniach handlu międzynarodowego w Zanzibarze. Autor zestawia ze sobą dane statystyczne zawarte w wyżej wymienionych dokumentach z pochodzącymi z raportów francuskich i amerykańskich, a także z korespondencją amerykańskich i niemieckich przedsiębiorstw handlowych prowadzących działalność w Zanzibarze. Analiza pokazuje, że dane ujęte w brytyjskich raportach pochodzą z generalnie wiarygodnych źródeł, które jednak udostępniane były jedynie w okresach spadku koniunktury. Chociaż w statystykach pojawia się niewiele nieścisłości, to prawdopodobne jest, że dane były znacząco zaniżane. Nie wyklucza to jednak dużego stopnia wiarygodności raportów w odzwierciedlaniu struktury lokalnego handlu i najważniejszych tendencji w nim występujących. The article concerns the reliability of nineteenth-century British consular reports as a source for the study of international trade in Zanzibar. The author confronts the statistical data contained therein with reports from France and the United States, as well as with the correspondence of US and German trade companies operating in Zanzibar. The author concludes that the data contained in the reports derives from essentially reliable sources, access to which, however, was only possible in the years of economic downturn. Although few inconsistencies can be found in the statistics, it is likely that they include significant underestimations. However, this does not preclude a significant degree of credibility in terms of the structure and general trends of the trade.
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