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1

Assemblies of the Medical Circles of the Kingdom of Poland

100%
Cabaj J.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2006
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
99-121
EN
Assemblies of the medical circles of the Kingdom of Poland in the years 1908-1914 were a kind of reflexion for their activity both in undertaking and attempting at solving the contemporary salubrious problems of the country. An idea of organizing the cyclical meetings was initiated by two of the biggest centres - Warsaw and Lódz. Within the first of the centres there appeared a conception of organizing the hygienists' assemblies, and within the second one - an idea of the conferences for provincial doctors and apothecaries. Organization and realization of the medical circles' assemblies in the Kingdom of Poland was possible thanks to the activity and committal of the societies that also came from outside the centres being the main ventures' organizers. In general, there were organized seven provincial assemblies. Within this number four of the assemblies were organized by the hygienists, two - by the doctors, and one - by the apothecaries. Predominatingly the ventures' organizers were: Lublin i Lódz (twice), and once: Czestochowa, Wloclawek and Kalisz. None of the provincial assemblies took place in Warsaw. This fact stayed in accordance with the initiators' ideas that indicated the need for activating the smaller centres. The assemblies drew attention and interest of the medical circles. Among others, it can be testified with a great attendance of the representatives that came not only from different centres of the Kingdom of Poland, but also - to a lesser degree - from other territories of the Russian, Galician and Poznan sector. Subject matter, which was undertaken during the meetings, was widely discussed both in the columns of the professional periodicals and in the local press.
2

Congresses of scientific and socio-professional milieus from all the lands of partitioned Poland, 1869-1914

100%
Cabaj J.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2005
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1
51-78
EN
The first part of the publication presented the conditions in which congresses and meetings of medical and naturalist milieus from all the lands of partitioned Poland were organized. The present study deals with contacts among the remaining scientific and professional groups and aims at showing the development of ties between scientific and socio-professional milieus from the different lands of partitioned Poland. It has been ascertained that the congresses became a major and permanent meeting place for scientists and specialists in different fields from all over Poland, as well as a forum for the exchange of professional experiences and the presentation of achievements in the respective domains. This is corroborated by the cyclical nature of the majority of such meetings (apart from physicians and naturalists, regular meetings were held by technicians, lawyers and economists, as well as historians and historians of literature), by the ample participation in such meeting of representatives from all the three partitions and of emigres, and finally also by the subject-matter raised at the meetings. Key words: Polish intelligentsia; the turn of the 19th and 20th century; learned societies; scientific congresses.
3

'We are and want to be'. On the organization and statistics of congresses of Polish medical and naturalist milieus from all the lands of partitioned Poland , 1869-1914

100%
Cabaj J.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2004
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3-4
127-156
EN
The importance of cyclical congresses of the scientific and socio-professional milieus, convened in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in the partitioned Poland, is discussed. A total of sixty five such congresses were held between 1869 and 1914, attended by delegates from all the three occupied parts of Poland, serving the strenghthening of national ties as well as exchange of scientific knowledge and professional experience. Thus, for example, congresses of Polish physicians and naturalists brought together specialists from fields as diverse as: anatomy, archaeology, botany, chemistry, pharmacy, philosophy, physics, geology, hygiene, mathematics, psychology, agricultural sciences, veterinary science, forensic medicine, and a variety of medical specializations (surgery, dermatology, gynaecology, dentistry, laryngology, ophthamology, neurology, pediatrics and psychiatry). Congresses of other professional groups also had such an interdiscplinary character. They were organized and hosted above all by two Polish university centres, Cracow and Lwów (Lvov), which were situated in the Austrian partition. Four congresses were held in Warsaw, and two in Poznan. Initiated in 1869 by physicians and naturalists, the congresses were modelled on the example of their German peers, who had held similar congresses regularly since 1822. Although the congresses of physicians and naturalists were the most frequent, it turned out to be impossible to hold them either on an annual basis, as originally planned, or even every three years, as later envisaged. In total, ten congresses of physicians and naturalists from all parts of partitioned Poland were held until the outbreak of WW I.
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