The present study is an attempt to search for connection between the efficiency of recognition of facial expressions of emotions and possitive vs negative style of affective. According to the Bower's 'mood-congruent recall' effect, it was assumed that individuals with the possitive affective style, will more accurately and efficiently distinguish happiness than anger various facial expressions of emotions. 36 volunteers (19 with positive style of affective and 17 with negative style of affective) recruited from the University of Lódz participated in the experiment. Affective styles were measured with the PANAS by Watson and Clark and BIS-BAS questionnaire by Carver and White. FOTOS experiment diagnosed the efficiency of recognitions of facial expressions of emotions. It occurred that participants with positive style of affective more accurately than participants with negative style distinguish the expression of facial emotions. The persons with positive style more accurately distinguish happiness than anger various facial expressions of emotions. The results indicate that short/long, LVF/ conditions influence of the accuracy of recognition of facial emotions.
The purpose of the research was to explore the connection between analytical vs global cognitive styles and the efficiency of discriminations of facial expressions of emotions at the period of adolescence. The FOTOS experiment was used as an emotional version of Posner's tasks which consists in the comparison of pairs of photos presented: right/left visual field; 500/2000 ms; sequentially/simultaneously, according to the name criterion. Witkin's EFT diagnosed the cognitive styles. In the group with global style, the girls more accurately distinguished various facial expressions of emotions (500 ms). In the group with analytical style, the girls discriminated facial expressions more accurately in the long condition (2000 ms). At the period of adolescence, the task conditions modify the efficiency of discriminations of facial expressions of emotions. It occurred that participants more accurately distinguished various facial expressions of emotions using the criterion of sequentially rather that simultaneously. The results indicated the predominance of the right hemisphere in facial emotions' discrimination
The study aimed at evaluating of the role of communication channels in recognition of facial and vocal expression of emotions. It was based on ABAKUS experiment, which is the modification of Davitz's search paradigm (1964). The results confirmed the assumption of additivity of visual an acoustic channels. The subjects (N=90) recognized emotions quicker and with greater accuracy when they were presented in the visuo-acoustic than in the acoustic channel. Moreover the dynamic form of presentation (film) resulted in the higher rates of recognition than the static one (photographs). Recognizing emotions from vocal expression turned out to be the most difficult. The most common errors made by the subjects were confusion of fear and sadness in acoustic channel and fear and anger in visual channel.
The purpose of the research was to explore mechanisms of attention of Witkin's styles. It has been assumed that the style independent of the field will be related to a higher efficiency of selective attention's process. There were 96 people who participated in the research: 67 women and 29 men, aged 20,9 (+/-2,6). In the experiment, in addition to Embedded Figures Test, a battery of cognitive tests for exploring attention (DIVA Task) has been used, as well as the strength of inhibition processes (Navon Task). The results indicate that there is a strong relation between preferences in the cognitive style and selective attention. The style which is independent of the perceptual field is characterized by better accuracy of selection information, at the similar speed of selection. In the group of people where the independent style predominated, a fewer number of false alarms was registered, and a fewer number of omissions in more difficult conditions of detection. The participants appeared less susceptible to interference in incoherent conditions of Navon's Tasks. It seems to prove that they possess stronger mechanism of inhibition, which is recognized as the elementary mechanism of selective attention.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between cognitive styles (field dependence-independence) and temperamental structures. Correlation analyses indicated that activity and endurance are related to field-independence. Inter-correlation analyses, which were carried out separately for the field-dependent and field-independent groups, show that activity is not related to other temperamental traits in the field-independent group of subjects. Furthermore, It was examined the differentiation of temperamental structures within the groups of field-dependent and field independent subjects. It was revealed that only field-dependency is clearly related to the structure of temperament indicating low capability to process stimulation. The results are discussed in terms of the role of cognitive styles in regulation stimulation process and the interplay between temperamental traits and cognitive styles in development of the structure of temperament.
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