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EN
Author in the paper follows the development of legal translation and related translation strategies from ancient times to the early 20th century. She emphasizes the role that this field of translation plays as a means of communication in national, transnational and international law.
EN
The article attempts to provide an explanation why the English legal language is so complex and so difficult to understand especially for the lay people. Also mentioned are the attempts that have been made to simplify it. The paper also describes its development throughout history. It maintains that legal English is the result of history and political and social processes ongoing in the given historical period. This language is basically the reflection of the social and political conditions of the given historical period, and each period has left its mark on the current form of the language at issue. It reflects the influence of Anglo-Saxon mercenaries, Latinspeaking missionaries, Scandinavian and Norman war tribes. As it is highlighted further in the text, English has been used in various types of legal documents at different times. Last wills and testaments started to be drafted in English around 1400. Laws were written in Latin until around 1300, in French until about 1485, in English and French for a few more years and exclusively in English since 1489. The paper contains a number of the words and expressions related to law which are used even today and provides their etymology, at least as far the language of its origin is concerned. Also provided are expressions that were replaced with new ones, simpler, more understandable legal terms within reforms.
EN
In the academic year 2012-2013, the first graduates completed bachelor study of psychology at Faculty of Arts in University of Ostrava. In 2013 we implemented pilot research on Facebook whose aim was to find out how many of our graduates continue on Master's study of psychology and on which universities, or what is their subsequent employment. Information about later career/study and additional information about previous study in University of Ostrava (OU) were obtained from 20 ex-students who graduated in 2013 (100% of graduates). Because these students were the first bachelor's degree graduates in psychology at OU, we completed also additional analyzes (due to the small number of graduates) that can be helpful for the further development of the course. Employments and further Master's studies of our graduates in the field of psychology and other humanities was correlated with the exams' results during the study, with the results of final bachelor exam, and results of the admission tests. As we expected, the results of admission tests or continuous exams' during study didn't show to be successful indicator of admission to follow-up Master's studies of psychology. These information however can be useful for further improving of bachelor psychology course in OU. Given that the results of this pilot research are approximate and research continues, the Master's admission results of further classes will be more relevant indicator of the success rate of our bachelor course of psychology. Because University of Ostrava don't have follow-up Master's study of psychology, we perceive as a success of our Department of psychology that 12 of 20 graduates of psychology were taken to the follow-up Master's study, and 9 of them studies follow-up Master's study of psychology at four universities in the Czech and Slovak Republic.
EN
The paper describes the development of criminal law as the originally private law sector and points to changes that ultimately have changed the nature of criminal law so that it is now considered to be a public law sector. Criminal law during the period of the high and late Middle Ages on the territory of Slovakia had the character of a public law sector. Recovery after committing the crime was left to the injured person or his family. The relationship between the injured (or his survivors) and the perpetrator was largely private in nature. The state originally did not interfere or interfere only at a minimum with this relationship. Only in the course of time has this element of a largely private legal relationship been also given a public-law element, only in the age of Modern Times the criminal-law relations had the character of public law. This article describes the changes that have occurred in the course of time in the area of criminal law, the ways of punishment, and the changes which have led to the transformation of criminal law into the public law sector
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