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Polish dilemmas in compensating landowners in the vicinity of airports – black letter law vs. law in action

100%
Habdas M.
Studia Prawnicze KUL
|
2020
|
issue 4
27-61
PL
Negatywne efekty zewnętrzne działalności lotniska, utożsamiane głównie z hałasem, stają się w miarę rozwoju transportu lotniczego coraz bardziej uciążliwe dla właścicieli nieruchomości mieszkalnych zlokalizowanych w sąsiedztwie lotnisk. W celu rozstrzygnięcia konfliktu sąsiedzkiego ustawodawca wprowadza regulacje dotyczące tworzenia obszarów ograniczonego użytkowania (OOU), na których dopuszcza przekraczanie norm hałasowych. W obszarach tych wprowadza ograniczenia w sposobie korzystania z nieruchomości, kształtując racjonalne zagospodarowanie przestrzeni wokół lotniska, oraz przyznaje właścicielom nieruchomości roszczenia odszkodowawcze. Mają one rekompensować planistyczne ograniczenia dotyczące nieruchomości w OOU oraz poniesione koszty na zapewnienie izolacyjności akustycznej budynków. Praktyczne stosowanie przepisów dotyczących OOU odbiega od ich brzmienia, powodując kompensację szkód bez uzasadnienia prawnego i ekonomicznego, a także niwecząc cel ustawowej regulacji. Postulowana jest rewizja aktualnej praktyki uwzględniająca prawne, społeczne i ekonomiczne znaczenie obowiązującej regulacji.
EN
Negative externalities of airport operations, associated mostly with noise, are becoming increasingly onerous to homeowners, as air transport develops. In order to resolve the neighbour conflict, the legislator introduces restricted use areas (RUAs) within which noise levels may be exceeded. In these areas, limitations in the use of land are introduced in order to ensure rational development of land surrounding airports and compensation claims are awarded to landowners. These claims compensate planning restrictions concerning the use of land and costs spent on ensuring sound insulation of buildings. The practical application of provisions on RUAs diverges from their literal content bringing about the compensation of loss without a legal and economic justification and the abandonment of the provisions’ objectives. It is argued that a revision of current practice is required in order to fulfill the legal, social and economic objectives of the regulations in force.
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Ustawa o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym jako instrument kształtowania wartości rynkowej nieruchomości

63%
Habdas M., Kalus S.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
|
2012
|
vol. 10
76-91
EN
The paper considers three basic notions, namely: immovables and their legal economic features, the real estate market and its characteristics, and finally spatial planning as a means of influencing the market value of immovables. Its aim is to consider how spatial planning instruments influence the market value of immovables and how economic features of immovables and of the real estate market are to be considered when dealing with spatial planning issues. It is shown, that proper spatial management brings about many benefits, including the increase in market or rental value of real estate, the improvement of citizens’ quality of life, the decrease in costs of maintaining real estate by motivating their users to keep them in good condition. It is emphasized, that spatial planning and management must be viewed not only from a legal perspective but also in the context of economic factors which are relevant to the real estate market. The market value of an immovable to a large extent depends on the possibility of developing it and this in turn is regulated by local development plans. Simultaneously, well developed spaces cause increases in market values and positively influence the neighboring areas, stimulating growth and highest and best use of available space. Spatial planning is not, however, a short term activity, as its effects must be planned and assessed also, or perhaps predominantly, in long term analyses. It is also important to note, that management of spaces may be carried out not only with the use of administrative instruments, but also through the active application of possibilities which arise from private law.
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