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EN
Leibniz, one of the most prominent scholars of his time, was interested not only in natural sciences, mathematics, philosophy, etc. but in linguistics as well. As is known, he was presumably the first to declare the close linguistic connection between the Finnic languages and Hungarian. In accordance with his precursors and contemporaries, he was deeply immersed in the 'primeval' Scythian and Celtic (or Scytho-Celtic/Celto-Scythic) languages; he considered them as chronologically distant ancestors of the German(ic) language(s). Lots of words were thought by him to have come from Celtic languages (e.g. Kelt > Germ. Held). Leibniz was a determined proponent of the Finnlanders and Lapponians being the original settlers populating the Scandinavian Peninsula. Interestingly enough, there are present-day Finnish linguists claiming that the Finnish people have not come from Asia; that they represent the original population living in the same region from times immemorial. As to the Hungarians, Leibniz was convinced that their original homeland might have been near the vast Volga - Caspian Sea region. Leibniz's Scythian theories have left deep resonances on Hungarian language comparisons. Even today we find paracomparative writings focusing on the almost mythical Scytian origins of the Hungarian language in spite of the fact that the Finno-Ugrian origins of Hungarian have long been proved.
EN
Two new housing programmes launched by the Hungarian government in February 2000 marked a policy turning point. One set out to provide a system of housing loans, while the other sought to prevent local-government rented housing from being eliminated altogether. There was justification for both, but both these measures of housing policy failed to take into account the ambitions of households and the reactions of the market. They set in motion processes that were unsustainable in budgetary and welfare terms, so that the effectiveness of the programmes became questionable. The scheme to subsidize housing loans was especially problematic, as the methods employed created long-term commitments whose effects cannot be corrected even in the short term. Those devising this housing policy did not rely on techniques of analysis with which the risks could have been assessed in time. There was no research or support for analysing independently the possible effects of lobby interests and no real alternatives were outlined for the politicians reaching the decisions.
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