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Být úředníkem

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Sviták Z., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 33
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issue 2
319–331
EN
The article deals with motives that led normal people to choose the career of a clerk. It focuses mainly on middle and subaltern clerks, not on the top ranking officials. The motivation is seen mainly in career possibilities, regular income (salary) and in the entitlement to a pension after the end of one’s career. An analysis of each of these motives is based on source materials. The reasons for joining the clerical staff are illustrated also on the examples of particular clerks.
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Praha mezi Vídní a Římem : správa cassa salis v letech 1711-1782

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Honč P., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 33
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issue 2
423–460
EN
This study is concerned with the cassa salis administration from the moment Charles VI took the throne to the moment when the cassa salis was incorporated into the Provincial Religious Fund in 1782. During the reign of Charles VI , church representatives strove to have at least a part of the Emperor’s high debt settled, but they succeeded only partially. Due to permanent financial issues of the Habsburg Monarchy, rulers actually kept asking for new loans and for the old debts to be forgiven. Throughout the entire studied period, the Vienna Court preferred establishing new parishes to establishing another bishopric. Since the beginning of the reign of Maria Theresa, the state started to interfere in the cassa salis administration with an ever-growing intensity, which ultimately led to a suspension of subsidies that the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith decided on. The pressure of the Vienna Court – which was also supported by the Prague Archbishop Příchovský – culminated in the period 1767–1770 when the Papal Curia was deprived of the right to distribute financial means from the treasury. Since then, the Prague Archbishop was responsible for creating a list of institutions that were to be supported and the list was preapproved by the sovereign. The Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith was issuing only formal decrees on the awarded subsidies.
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Úloha patrona v procesu profesionalizace nižšího kléru v raném novověku : příklad severomoravských a slezských panství knížat z Lichtenštejna ve druhé polovině 18. století

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Pumpr P., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 33
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issue 2
461–498
EN
The presented study focuses on the role played by holders of the right of patronage in the process of enforcing professionalization tendencies among the Early-Modern-Age clergy. It is based on an analysis of entries on 136 clergymen that were recorded at seven North Moravian and Silesian estates of the House of Liechtenstein in the period 1764–1767. It focuses on the issue of what priests’ professional qualities were monitored by the Liechtenstein patron and his officers, how he assessed them, what ideal of a clerical administrator did the patron employ and how this assessment influenced the priests’ career. Based on this analysis the study concludes that there existed a specific “patronage” variation of the professionalization process.
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Správa Broumovské konventní knihovny v 17. a 18. století

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Kolda J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2019
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vol. 34
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issue 2
321-345
EN
The study discusses the administration of the library in the Benedictine monastery in Broumov during the 17th and 18th century. It deals with the so far not very broadly reflected normative delimitation of this area within the order and with its practical implementation and control. The Břevnov-Broumov Abbot is identified as the main person having influence on the library administration (and on the shape of the library). A substantial aspect of the Abbot’s supervision over the monastery library was its expansion that was done through an extensive network of buyers, agents and booksellers who covered all important “book” centers in the Central Europe (Prague, Vienna, Dresden, Leipzig, etc.). In addition to that, the study also outlines the system of various book collections within the monastery, the functioning of which still has to be researched.
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Fürstenberští úředníci na křivoklátském panství 18. století

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Hrbek J., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 33
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issue 2
333–365
EN
The article deals with the history of the Křivoklát estate at the end of the Early Modern Age when new administrative procedures were incorporated into its management. One of them was a bureaucratization of the administrative apparatus of the nobility that put ever-growing demands on both current and newly hired clerks (and also on foresters) when it comes to education and fulfilling of work duties. With the vision of improvement and overall modernization of the estate, control mechanisms were being improved and the employees were also given new existential certainties. All this contributed to the constituting of the clerical staff as a specific socio-professional group that could be relied on not only by the owners of the estate but with respect to delegated competences also by the enlightened state.
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Soužití šlechtice na studiích a jeho vychovatele v době předbělohorské na příkladu Šimona Proxena ze Sudetu a Julia Šlika z Holíče a Pasounu

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Podavka O., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 33
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issue 2
397–421
EN
Tutors of young noblemen played a fairly important role in the educational process during the Early Modern Age. At the beginning, they acted mainly as teachers, but later on as their charges started to travel for educational purposes their duties broadened, since they had to organize the journeys, secure its material aspects and to generally oversee the young nobleman. The travel journal of one of those tutors – Simon Proxenus a Sudetis (around 1532–1575) – represents a unique source documenting his tutorial practice and a mutual co-existence with his charge – Julius Šlik of Holíč and Pasoun (around 1544–1575) – during his studies in Paris in the period 1563–1564. Although Šlik’s character was difficult to tame and his attitude towards studying rather problematic, Proxenus’s four-year tutorial activity enabled Šlik to obtain a doctor’s degree in law that he could make a good use of upon his return when he took an employment in the office of the counsel for appeals.
7
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K proměnám městského úřednictva v 18. století

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Sterneck T., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 33
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issue 2
367–393
EN
The study thematizes selected questions that can be considered as perspective starting points for desired comparative research of the changes undergone by the urban bureaucracy – serving primarily, yet not exclusively, in the town service – in the Bohemian lands during the 18th century that would be more broadly based and set in the context of the Central European development. The studied questions are introduced as parts of three basic areas of issues. In the first one, space is given to townspeople who served as the “cadre” basis of town clerical staff and who were adjusting to the processes of bureaucratization and professionalization. The second area focuses on the course, impacts and period perception of the changes occurring within the town (self-)government, whereas special attention is paid to the phenomenon of regulation of municipalities during the reign of the Emperor Joseph II . The third area deals with the (dis)continuity of town political elites.
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Servir le roi par la plume au sommet de l’état monarchique : état de l’historiographie française

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Figeac M., Reischlová D.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2018
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vol. 33
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issue 2
305–318
EN
In a transparent way, the study presents and assesses existing French historiography dealing with the issue of historical research of the emerging bureaucratic apparatus in France since its beginnings in the 16th century up to its boom that took place at the end of the 17th century and during the 18th century. The text focuses mainly on central administrations and financial and commercial authorities that were originally the product and subsequently the tool of the king’s rule in individual administrative areas and that ensured the employment and development of the nobility of the robe and of clerks that were not of noble origin who came from the class of educated townspeople. The issue of French clerical staff in the broadest sense is fairly complicated, because next to new bureaucratic authorities there were also traditional authorities where individual posts were either bought or inherited. The study sheds some light on this issue and through an analysis of case studies shows the rise of clerk families, educational possibilities and the living standard of the middle bureaucracy serving in the central authorities of the king’s rule.
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