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Forum Oświatowe
|
2017
|
vol. 29
|
issue 1(57)
35-47
PL
Dlaczego tak się dzieje? Bo ludzie „nie są spontanicznie skorzy do pracy”, a „namięt- ności ludzkie nie są podatne na siłę argumentów”2. Trzeba więc zmuszać ludzi do two- rzenia społeczeństwa. Chciałoby się rzec: trzeba ich siłą skłaniać ku ludzkości, mając na względzie to, że przynajmniej od czasów Arystotelesa założenie, iż istoty ludzkie odróżnia się od zwierząt i aniołów po tym, że mogą istnieć wyłączne wewnątrz Πόλις  – starożytnego odpowiednika  archetypu nowoczesnego pojęcia „społeczeństwo”,  było w myśli zachodniej aksjomatem, którego nie próbowano podważać ani rewidować; Thomas Hobbes wprowadził  zaś do potocznego myślenia ery nowoczesności uaktualnioną, zmodernizowaną wersję intuicji Arystotelesa, twierdząc, że gdy nie działają siły przymusu, homo homini lupus est, życie jest zaś brudne, brutalne i krótkie. Jednak tam, gdzie jest przy- mus, czyli tam, gdzie ludzie są  zmuszani do zachowania się wbrew naturalnym skłonnościom,  zawsze są niezadowolenie i sprzeciw – zwykle tłumione, wypierane lub zwracane w innym kierunku, ale czasami też jawne. ((tłumaczenie Joanny Gilewicz i Anny Zeidler-Janiszewskiej przejrzane przez Autora) 
EN
Zygmunt Bauman "On the Exigencies of Identity in a Tight World" Zygmunt Bauman's essay begins with an analysis of the political and social situation in selected European coun­tries where leading politicians nurture xenophobia and pander to fears of crime. Bauman describes population and immigration surpluses in terms of "human waste" produced by the introduction and imposition of social order and economic progress. This has led to the emergence of the "social recuperation" industry. At the same time the traditional division of the world into the homely and civilised places which"we" occupy and isolated no-man's-lands as well as uncultivated expanses in need of colonisation has disappeared. The world has become a tighter place to live in. In those globalised circumstances the question of identity is particularly pressing. Bauman argues that the identity fostered by such circumstances cannot be a product of self-definition. Rather, it is forged and imposed by others, beyond the control of its bearer. Thus identity appears to be an agonistic notion which makes us seek and castigate the other/alien in us. The trouble with identity, Bauman concludes, is a global issue; it cannot be solved on a local scale.
PL
Zygmunt Bauman "On the Exigencies of Identity in a Tight World" Zygmunt Bauman's essay begins with an analysis of the political and social situation in selected European coun­tries where leading politicians nurture xenophobia and pander to fears of crime. Bauman describes population and immigration surpluses in terms of "human waste" produced by the introduction and imposition of social order and economic progress. This has led to the emergence of the "social recuperation" industry. At the same time the traditional division of the world into the homely and civilised places which"we" occupy and isolated no-man's-lands as well as uncultivated expanses in need of colonisation has disappeared. The world has become a tighter place to live in. In those globalised circumstances the question of identity is particularly pressing. Bauman argues that the identity fostered by such circumstances cannot be a product of self-definition. Rather, it is forged and imposed by others, beyond the control of its bearer. Thus identity appears to be an agonistic notion which makes us seek and castigate the other/alien in us. The trouble with identity, Bauman concludes, is a global issue; it cannot be solved on a local scale.
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EN
In the translated lecture the author tries and answers the question on what ground are we entitled to ascribe "centrality" to Central Europe. He points out that, in contemporary usage, the term "Europe" stands for three different, not overlapping phenomena: geographical, political, and cultural.
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