Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

Confidential documents of Austrian-Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the Polish cause of 1915

100%
Wrzosek M.
Studia Podlaskie
|
2006
|
vol. 16
303-396
EN
The publication includes 19 documents which contain valuable information about the Polish cause during the WWI and the history of Polish Legions. A document that stands out in this collection is a matter-of-fact article prepared by Stanislaw Downarowicz, who was a Polish member of Austrian Parliament. This important document was passed on to the Austrian-Hungarian Minister of Foreign Affairs Stefan Burian, and contains a matter-of-fact critique of Austria-Hungary attitude to the Polish cause and the conduct of Austrian-Hungarian occupational authorities in the part of the Kingdom of Poland territory the Russian troops retreated from. Moreover, the publication includes several documents reflecting political situation in the territory of the Kingdom of Poland occupied by the armies of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These documents do not only contain characteristics of general political situation, but they were also thought as an attempt to justify the conduct of Austrian-Hungarian authorities during the Kingdom of Poland occupation. Besides, the publication includes crucial information about details of Józef Pilsudski's banishment from Warsaw in August 1915. On the other hand, an important letter of Austrian-Hungarian General Military Headquarters (Armee Oberkommando- AOK) mentions the idea of Polish Legions' liquidation in 1915 if Poles, particularly Józef Pilsudski, put across clear political postulates of sovereign nature.
2

The Activity of Poles and Polish Military Movement before the Outbreak of the World War I (1908-1914)

100%
Wrzosek M.
Studia Podlaskie
|
2007
|
vol. 17
7-52
EN
The article has been devoted to Polish military preparations at the time of increased tensions in international relations and precipitated outbreak of a serious military conflict. These tensions were escalating among main European countries at the turn of the first and second decade of the 20th century. They aroused hope as to the possible appearance of a chance to resolve the Polish cause. In the background, however, a noted dispute about the so called orientations erupted, that is whether it was advisable to side with Russia or Austria-Hungary in case of a serious military conflict between the occupants hoping that the Austrian-Polish solution of the Polish cause would take effect. Roman Dmowski's advocates opted for Russia in this conflict and they supported his concepts in all partitions. Whereas the active group of Polish political activists in Galicia opted for siding Austria-Hungary. They mostly represented a Cracovian fraction of the 'Stronnictwo Prawicy Narodowej' (National Right Wing Association), (so-called 'stanczycy') and 'Polskie Stronnictwo Demokratyczne' (Polish Democratic Party). Józef Pilsudski partly opted for this orientation too, who, however, was most of all an advocate of armed struggle for independence. He also believed in the necessity to cooperate with Austrian secret service because armed struggle required funds and military equipment. He came by a possibility of such cooperation in 1908 when the Polish underground 'Zwiazek Walki Czynnej' (Union for Armed Struggle) had already existed. Next, he was granted permission by the Austrian authorities to set up open small arms organizations. Almost simultaneously, Polish students in Galicia started to conduct an organizational-military activity, which first led to the formation of the underground organization operating as 'Armia Polska' (Polish Army), and then to the formation of 'Polskie Druzyny Strzeleckie' (Polish Rifle Squads). This article also discusses military actions of 'Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne SOKOL' (Gymnastic Society 'Falcon') and 'Druzyny Bartoszowe' (Bartosz Squads). In result of the preparations taken up by the Polish military organizations it was later possible to set up the Polish Legions after the outbreak of the World War I. Moreover, the author of this article has devoted a great deal of attention to the polemic with Ryszard Swietek's arguments included in the book entitled 'Lodowa Sciana. Sekrety polityki Józefa Pilsudskiego 1904-1918', Cracow, 1998 (Ice Wall. Secrets of Józef Pilsudski's politics 1904-1918). This polemic mostly refers to the fact that R. Swietek presents his arguments too glaringly and distorts the events connected with armed struggle for Poland's independence.
3
Content available remote

Wiedza w zarządzaniu organizacją wojskową

100%
Wrzosek M.
Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy
|
2010
|
vol. nr 4
97-109
PL
Wzrost poziomu edukacji obywatelskiej powoduje większą świadomość społeczną. Armia jako nieodłączny element państwowości pozostaje w silnym związku ze zmianami społecznymi. Do armii trafiają ludzie, których wykształcenie ogólne stanowi wartość dodaną do zdolności operacyjnych sił zbrojnych. Znajomość technologii informacyjnych, wyższa kultura techniczna kandydatów na żołnierzy zawodowych sprawiają że armia staje się organizacją bazującą na wiedzy. Powszechne zastosowanie zautomatyzowanych systemów dowodzenia wojskami wymaga pozyskiwania personelu o wysokich kwalifikacjach zawodowych. Stały rozwój zawodowy zapewnia utrzymanie wysokiego poziomu wiedzy oraz profesjonalnego przygotowania do zadań realizowanych w operacjach poza granicami kraju, a także w sytuacjach reagowania kryzysowego na obszarze kraju. Dzięki mediom społeczeństwo coraz częściej jest informowane o sposobie prowadzenia wojny i skutkach konfliktów zbrojnych. Pozyskana wiedza pozwala opinii publicznej na ocenę użycia sił zbrojnych, szczególnie w operacjach poza granicami kraju. Działania militarne dzięki wiedzy dowódców coraz częściej mają charakter misji zadaniowej niż regularnej operacji wojskowej, prowadzonej w celu zajęcia i utrzymania określonego obszaru. W tych nowych uwarunkowaniach inaczej niż dotychczas funkcjonują siły zbrojne jako organizacja - dysponująca dostępem do nieograniczonych zasobów informacyjnych. We współczesnej armii wiedza jest środkiem uzyskania przewagi nad przeciwnikiem.
EN
Higher level of civil education results in increased level of social awareness. The military as an inseparable element of nationhood maintains strong ties with social changes. General education of the people who join the military makes a value added to operational capabilities of armed forces. Expertise in information technologies and higher technical culture of candidates for professional soldiers make the military an organization based on knowledge. Common application of command and control, information systems (C2IS) requires obtaining highly qualified personnel. Constant vocational development secures sustaining high level of knowledge and professional preparation for missions carried out during operations conducted abroad and crisis response situations occurring at home. Thanks to media, society is more frequently informed about the way a war is waged and about the effects of armed conflicts. Obtained knowledge lets public opinion assess the application of armed forces, especially in operations conducted abroad. Military activities, thanks to expertise of commanders, more and more often become task-oriented missions than regular military operations carried out in order to seize and control an area. Considering these new conditions, armed forces function in a different way than they have functioned so far. They function as an organization that has access to unlimited information resources. In the contemporary military, knowledge is a means of gaining advantage over enemy.
4

POLISH ARMED FORMATIONS AND POLES IN THE ARMIES OF THE PARTITIONING POWERS IN 1914

100%
Wrzosek M.
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2004
|
issue 3
169-184
EN
In the period preceding the WW I, Polish society, subjected to the three partitioning powers, was torn with profound disputes concerning the side which the Poles were to support in case of a war between Russia, on one hand, and Germany and Austria, on the other. An essential role was also played by the awareness that the Poles would be forced to participate in fratricidal battles as the soldiers of the partitioners' armies. Military service of the Poles in those armies signified various grave hardships, but did not benefit the solution of the Polish question. This situation led to the pursuit of activities intent on creating independent Polish formations, preceded by the preparations made by the 'Strzelec' Unions, Polish 'Strzelec' Teams, Bartosz Teams and the 'Sokol' Gymnastic Society. The 'Strzelec' detachments, organised by Józef Pilsudski, were the first Polish armed formations participating in the WW I. On 22 August 1914 they became part of the Polish Legions, already organised under the auspices of the Chief National Committee which fought in the Kingdom of Poland , distinguished themselves during hazardous manoeuvres across Ulina Mala, took part in heavy fighting in the Podhale region, and in the Eastern Carpathian Mts. On the other hand the Polish volunteer formations in the Russian army (the so-called Gorczynski Legions) played a much smaller part, while the armed activity of the Polish Sokol movement in the United States became apparent in a later stage of the first world war.
5
Content available remote

The Board of Directors, Leading Firms and Sectors. An Attempt of Data Mining Based Description

51%
Karbownik K., Boguta M., Wrzosek M.
Roczniki Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
|
2007
|
vol. 17
41-62
EN
The relations between attributes describing the Board of Directors and the economic performance of a relevant company, and that of the sectors in national economy are investigated. The Principal - Agent Theory and the Game Theory cannot be used in satisfactory way to verify economic behavior arising in particular situations, because they operate on general concepts. The paper presents an attempt to reformulate this issue, taking it into account when explaining the process of operational decision making. The usual focus on what the Boards of Directors do, how their composition may affect it, and what should be done to improve their effectiveness is extended to include the issue of criteria used in Board selection process. Search for empirical regularity within director's selection process leads to learn how directors are chosen and to understanding corporate organization and governance.
6
Content available remote

Influence of the Education on the Level of Unemployment in European Countries

51%
Wrzosek M., Karbownik K., Boguta M.
Roczniki Kolegium Analiz Ekonomicznych
|
2007
|
vol. 17
101-118
EN
The results of an empirical survey on the relationship between unemployment rate and selected macroeconomic indicators are presented. The goal of the analysis was to verify the hypothesis on significant correlation of the level of unemployment and the society's level of education. In addition, an investigation on the strength of the relationship between unemployment level and education linked with labor policy was conducted. Two hypotheses were investigated. The first one states that within the group of 29 surveyed countries separate subgroups, internally coherent can be distinguished. The second hypothesis postulates that the unemployment rate depends stronger on the level of expenditures and other indicators linked to education or development than on active labor market policies.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.