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EN
The article contains information dealing with the educational activity of the adult Austrians, in particular with informal and uninstitutional education. In Austria, three out of four adults take part in education every year, which constitutes a very high percentage compared with other European Union countries. Younger adults, well educated people and those from bigger towns and cities are reported to study particularly intensively. They participate in education by reading, relations with other people, by means of the computer and other media, as well as by taking part in various cultural events. Moreover, studying in educational institutions is highly represented by the Austrians. Such an activity is declared by about 40% of the adults. The dominant areas in the adult educational offer deal with the social sciences, economy, law, but also health and services. Secondary as well as information technology and engineering education is an important area of adult education in general.
PL
: Tekst wpisuje się w obszar gerontologii społecznej, gdyż koncentruje się na jednej z instytucji edukacji dorosłych – Uniwersytecie Trzeciego Wieku. Poruszane są następujące zagadnienia: definicja UTW, geneza pierwszego UTW na świecie, historia założenia polskiego uniwersytetu dla seniorów i rola prof. Haliny Szwarc, dalszy rozwój ruchu UTW w Polsce, zmiany w polskich UTW wywołane przełomowym rokiem 1989, wstąpieniem do Unii Europejskiej i postępem technologicznym. Podjęte zagadnienia uzupełnione są w końcowej części tekstu o przegląd obecnego ruchu UTW, jego charakterystykę, krytyczną ocenę oraz dyskusję nad jego dalszym rozwojem i innowacyjnością działań edukacyjnych seniorów, które stanowią integralną część lokalnej i krajowej polityki senioralnej.
EN
The article presents the results of empirical research about the life balance of seniors. The aim of the study was to find the meanings that old people give own life failures in the perspective of retrospective life review. The aim was also to identify the mechanisms that seniors used in own life balance. An open questionnaire was used for data collection. a qualitative analysis of the written statements of seniors was used. People over 60 years of age (students of university of third age) participated in the research. Seniors pointed to the failures in life concerning: own person, family, education, work, health and financial situation. The mechanisms used in retrospective life review consisted of: denial, blaming themselves or other people.
EN
The article characterizes the relationship of educational activity of the elderly with a more optimal way of experiencing their ageing, which could be indicated by a higher measure of their overall level of satisfaction with life. The purpose of this study was to provide an in-depth analysis of the components of life satisfaction among actively learning seniors. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the voluntary participation of 405 third age university students (U3A). Data were collected on the critical areas comprising individual well-being illustrating the variation in the experience of old age among active mature learners. Only 6.8% of the U3A learners are not satisfied with their life achievements. Seniors with four or more children were found to be most satisfied, suggesting that self-actualization in the family and educational domains need not be competitive. The analysis of the health component of life satisfaction showed a clear overrepresentation of seniors with good psychophysical condition. In general, successful ratings of the component measures of life satisfaction of the actively learning seniors predominate.
EN
The text falls in line with the area of interests of social gerontology as it focuses on one of the adult education institutions, the University of the Third Age. The following issues are addressed: definition of U3A, genesis of the first U3A in the world, history of founding a Polish university for seniors and the role of professor Halina Szwarc, further development of the U3A movement in Poland, changes in Polish U3As brought about by the breakthrough year 1989, joining the European Union and technological progress. The issues addressed are complemented in the final section of the text with an overview of the present U3A movement, its characteristics, critical evaluation and discussion over its further development and innovative nature of educational activities for seniors, which are an integral part of the local and national senior policy.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł został oparty na analizie aktualnych źródeł niemieckojęzycznych. Celem było przedstawienie rozumienia geragogiki w ujęciu niemieckojęzycznych autorów, w oparciu o analizie definicji oraz podręczników. Autorzy dochodzą do konkluzji, iż geragogikia jako dyscyplina zakorzeniona w naukach o wychowaniu i czerpiąca w szczególności z psychologii i socjologii starzenia się, jest subdyscypliną praktyczną. Celem działań wspierających seniorów jest pomoc w radzeniu sobie w sytuacjach życia codziennego oraz podniesienie jakości ich życia. Jednakże dla osób w trzecim i czwartym wieku cele oddziaływań geragogicznych są zróżnicowane.
EN
this paper has been based on the analysis of the recent German language literature of the subject. The aim was to present, on the basis of the analysis of definitions and textbooks, how German authors understand geragogy. The authors reach the conclusion that geragogy — as a discipline rooted in education sciences, using in particular the resources of psychology and sociology — is a practical subdiscipline. Activities that support seniors are undertaken in order to help them deal with their everyday life circumstances and to increase the quality of their lives. However, for people in their third and fourth age, the objectives of geragogical influences vary.
EN
The paper is the first of three publications which will address the problem of existential concerns explored from the perspective of seniors. The common feature of these papers is the attempt to investigate this phenomenon be means of qualitative research conducted among seniors. We believe that seniors in their late adulthood or old age are more deeply aware of the approaching death, what motivates them to reflect on the fragile and finite nature of human existence and the meaning of their lives. As they face challenging thoughts and sense that these thoughts focus on the most fundamental existential problem, they try to respond to it and formulate individual solutions. This is very interesting for researchers because the reality studied is in this case recognized as it is being formed, in statu nascendi. The dynamics of this process is connected with the way seniors experience themselves as they cope with their existential concerns on daily basis. With every new experience, they may arrive at different conclusions or confirm that their present way of thinking and evaluating life is the right one. The purpose of presenting diverse research reflections in the papers is not to verify again an again the results obtained previously in other samples but rather to grasp the complex picture which shows the ways seniors approach life and death, understand their existential concerns and their importance in life as well as the mechanisms they use to buffer existential fear in different circumstances. The publications present different research strategies including analyses of materials obtained as short written statements, unstructured interviews and survey questionnaires. As part of theoretical introduction to the research problem, this papers presents reflections on the main aspects of finiteness of human existence, set in the interdisciplinary scientific discourse. A special emphasis in the discussion is put on the self-reflective context of confrontation with the anticipated, inevitable death in the light of the essence of human existence recognized as an autotelic value. The research section focuses on exploring how do seniors approach the phenomenon of transience of life and inevitability of death. The research material was obtained in the form of short statements written by seniors as answers to open ended questions. As a result of the analysis, a quite complex catalogue was created of responses of seniors to the inevitability of death - from acceptance of one’s own death to suppression of the death-related thoughts. The analysis also resulted in the typology of five approaches towards death, presented by the seniors. The names of these categories are, in our opinion, symbolic and include: stoic, worldview-based, existential, anxiety-based and avoidance approach.
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