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Pułkownik Jan Krasicki (1785-1848). Zapomniany bohater wojen napoleońskich i powstania listopadowego (w świetle nieznanej korespondencji i innych źródeł)

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Ajewski K.

Studia z Dziejów Wojskowości

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2013

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vol. 2

79-116

EN

This article is largely based on previously unknown documents and letters concerning the life of colonel Jan Karol Krasicki. The first part presents his vicissitudes. Krasicki was born on June 21, 1785, in Kamionka in Galicia. In 1808, he served in the Austrian army. In 1809, while fighting in Italy he was captured by the French. Once freed, he joined to the II Vistula Legion (hereafter VL) in the rank of a captain. In the years 1810-1812, he served in the 4th VL Infantry Regiment, where he commanded a company of grenadiers, in the Spanish campaign. In 1812 the 4th VL Infantry Regiment remained in reserve in Poznań. During the retreat of troops from Russia, on February 10, 1813, Krasicki took part in the operations in the Rogoźno area. Then he came to Wittenberg and on May 2 fought at Lützen, for which he was awarded the Gold Cross of the Legion of Honour on 14 July 1813. He also participated in the battle of Dresden fought on 26-27 August 1813, and from October 16, 1813, he fought at Leipzig. On October 18 Krasicki was wounded and was taken prisoner by the Russians. Relieved, he went to Poznań. There he met his future wife, Sylwia, the sister of General Ignacy Prądzyński. After the wedding, he resigned from the army and settled in the property in Malczew. Upon receiving the news of the outbreak of the Warsaw uprising he went to the capital. On February 3, 1831, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, he assumed the 14th Infantry Regiment. On April 26 he was appointed commander of the regiment, and on May 1, 1831, he was promoted to colonel. On May 3, 1831, he took command of one brigade (3rd IR and 14th IR) within the 5th Division. In early May 1831, the Polish leadership adopted the concept of hitting the Russian guards centred between the Bug and Narew rivers. During this offensive, Krasicki took part in the Battle of Nur (22-23 May). It was a baptism of fire of the 5th Infantry Division. On May 25, 1831 he was awarded the Gold Cross of Virtuti Militari for his services in the field. On May 26, 1831 Krasicki’s brigade took part in the Polish counterattack standing in the front line of the battle of Ostrołęka. Krasicki moved then one of the daring attacks, clearing the way for the bridge over the Narew river. When Russian troops counterattacked, the colonel was wounded and taken prisoner. In the following months he was imprisoned in Bobruisk and Smolensk. Freed as Prussian subject, he had to return to Malczew on February 1, 1832. There he was arrested and sentenced to a fine and imprisonment in Berlin Spandau. After returning on March 21, 1832, he managed his farming property again. The events of the 1846 and 1848 and the financial difficulties forced him to sell Malczew in 1847. He died in Karsewo on December 30, 1848 and was buried in Niechanów. The marriage of Sylwia Prądzyńska and Krasicki brought four sons and a daughter. The second part of the work are author’s transcripts of letters and documents that provide quotes to making the introductory text.

RU

Эта статья во многом основывается на ранее неизвестных документах и письмах, касающихся жизни полковника Якуба Яна Кароля Красицкого. Первая часть – это его биография. Красицкий родился 21 июня 1785 года в Kaмионце в Галиции. В 1808 году он служил в австрийской армии. Во время боевых действий в Италии в 1809 году попал в плен к французам. После своего освобождения, в чине капитана вступил во 2-й Висленский Легион. В 1810-1812 годах служил в 4-м пехотном полку Висленского Легионa, где командовал ротой гренадеров во время испанской кампании. В 1812 году 4-й пехотный полк Висленского Легионa пребывал в познаньском округе. Во время отступления Великой Армии из России 10 февраля 1813 года, Красицкий принял участие в военных действиях около Рогожна. Впоследствии дошел до Виттенберга, 2 мая сражался в Люцене, за что 14 июля 1813 года был награжден золотым орденом Почетного легиона. Он также участвовал 26-27 августа 1813 года в сражении при Дрездене, а начиная с 16 октября 1813 года сражался под Лейпцигом. 18 октября 1813 года Красицкий был ранен и попал в плен к русским. Когда его освободили, поехал в Познань. Там он встретил свою будущую жену Сильвию, сестру генерала Игнатия Прoндзинского. После свадьбы ушел в отставку и поселился в своем имении в Maльчеве. Получив известие о вспышке восстания в Варшаве в ноябре 1830 года, отправился в столицу. 3 февраля 1831 года, в звании подполковника, принял командование формирующегося 14-го полка линейной пехоты. 1 мая 1831 года он был произведен в полковники и взял на себя командование 1-й бригады (3-й и 14-й полк линейной пехоты) в составе 5-й пехотной дивизии. В начале мая 1831 года русские гвардии атаковали по центру между реками Буг и Нарев. Во время этого наступления, Красицки принимал участие в битве при Нуре (22-23 мая). Это было боевое крещение 5-й пехотной дивизии. 25 мая 1831 года за свои заслуги на поле боя Красицки был награжден золотым орденом Virtuti Militari. Бригада Красицкого приняла участие в польском контратаке 26 мая 1831 года под Oстроленкoй. Красицкий отличился одной из самых смелых атак, расчистив путь на мосте через реку Нарев. Во время контратаку русских войск был ранен и взят в плен. Последующие месяцы провел в тюрме в Бобруйске и Смоленске. Его выпустили в феврале 1832 года, как прусского подданннго, и он поехал в родное Maльчево. Там его снова арестовали и приговорили к штрафу и тюремному заключению в берлинской тюрме Шпандау. После возвращения домой в марте 1832 года, Красицки занялся земледелием. События 1846-1848-х годов, а также финансовые трудности заставили его в 1847 году продать Maльчево. Он умер в Карцеве 30 декабря 1848 года и был похоронен в Неханове. В браке с Сильвией Прондзинской родилось пятеро детей - четверо сыновей и одна дочь. Вторая часть статьи является копиями писем и документов, которые содержат своего рода цитаты к вступительному тексту.

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Denon a Polska i Polacy

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Ajewski K.

Biuletyn Historii Sztuki

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2009

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vol. 71

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issue 1-2

113-151

EN

This article presents Dominique Vivant baron Denon (1747-1825), who under Napoleon Bonaparte held the important and highly prestigious position of “administrateur des arts”. The author of this article has decided to make amends for the absence in the existing literature and familiarize the Polish and non-Polish reader alike with the relations linking this figure with the people and territories of pre-partition Poland. For almost two decades, Denon dealt with matters relating to the searching out and requisitioning, in the name of Napoleon I, of works of art throughout Europe.

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WARSAW COLLECTIONS OF HISTORICAL MILITARIA DURING THE PARTITIONS. PART I. ARMOURIES AND COLLECTIONS (Warszawskie kolekcjonerstwo militariów historycznych okresu zaborow. Cz. I. Zbrojownie i zbiory)

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Ajewski K.

Muzealnictwo

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2006

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issue 47

25-45

EN

In the wake of the last partition of Poland (1795) the gathering of militaria, especially Polish ones, in a country deprived of its political independence became the imperative of etery patriotic collector, and constituted a sui generis service performer for the sake of the country, enhancing an awareness of national identity. Warsaw, the capital of the subjugated country, became the site of several noteworthy collections. One of them was the property of Marceli Bacciarelli, the court painter of the last king of Poland, Stanislaw August Poniatowski. The second collection belonged to Prince Jozef Poniatowski, and yet another, composed of armoury exhibits, was featured at the Royal Arsenal in Dluga Street. Nonetheless, the only public collection of militaria at the time of the Kingdom of Poland was the armoury belonging to General Jan Henryk Dabrowski, located since 1818 in the building of the Warsaw Society of Lovers of Science. After the defeat of the November Uprising in 1831 all the collections ceased existing. The more important collections of historical militaria shown up to the last war, and created in the first half of the nineteenth century by members of the Warsaw aristocracy, included the collections of the Krasinski, Zamoyski, Potocki and then the Przezdziecki families. The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed the emergence of private collections of historical arms and armament created in Warsaw by enthusiasts representing the local intelligentsia. These collectors included Justynian Karnicki, director of the Museum of Fine Arts in Warsaw, Antoni and Antoni Jan Strzalecki, Gustaw Soubise-Bisier, an antiquary, Wojciech Kolasinski, painter and conservator, and Artur Oppman, poet and man of letters. The Museum of Antiquities, briefly a part of the Main Library in Warsaw, also collected historical arms.

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REMINISCENCE ABOUT THREE ESTATE LIBRARIES IN WARSAW ON THE SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THEIR DESTRUCTION (O trzech bibliotekach ordynackich w Waszawie w 60. rocznice ich zniszczenia)

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Ajewski K.

Muzealnictwo

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2004

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issue 45

9-18

EN

Three Warsaw foundation libraries together with their collections, of invaluable rank for Polish culture, ceased to exist during the last phase of the Warsaw Uprising and immediately after its end, in September and October 1944. During the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century the three estate residences of the Krasinski, Przezdziecki and Zamoyski families possessed the character of private foundation seats, museum-libraries supervised by their owners - representatives of prominent aristocratic families as well as specially employed custodians and librarians. All three played an extremely essential role during the partition era, and in the inter-war period developed into significant scientific-cultural institutions. During the inter-war period the oldest - the Zamoyski Estate Library, founded by Count Stanislaw Kostka Zamoyski and located in the Blue Palace in Senatorska Street, amassed 70 000 works in 97 000 volumes, more than 2 000 manuscripts, 624 parchment diplomas, over 10 000 autographs, a collection of illustrations and coins, and 315 maps and atlases. Another Warsaw-based library-museum collection belonged to the Przezdziecki family, whose palace in Foksal Street housed a valuable and important book collection totalling 60 000 volumes and 500 manuscripts, an extensive archive containing, i. a. 800 parchment and paper documents, as well as a copious cartographic collection of 350 maps, atlases and plans. The art collection consisted of 10 000 exhibits and examples of the decorative arts. At the beginning of the last century the Krasinski Estate Library and Museum, initially housed in the palace of General Wincenty Krasinski in 5 Krakowskie Przedmiescie Street, was, thanks to the courage and visionary approach of the last heir, Edward Krasinski, transferred to a specially erected library-museum building in 9 Okolnik Street. In 1927 the collection totalled 77 000 works in more than 200 000 volumes, 700 diplomas, 7 000 manuscripts, about 8 000 drawings and illustrations as well as 2 500 maps and atlases. The estate museum boasted of about 900 objects featured in an impressive armoury, a gallery with about 350 canvases by foreign and Polish painters. An end to the existence of all three, magnificently developing scientific-cultural foundation institutions was put by the second world war - remnants of those collections which survived the fires of September 1939 were bombed and burnt in the Warsaw Uprising. Today, not a single foundation exists in its original shape, and although after the war the buildings were reconstructed, they are bereft of the treasures of national culture which they once sheltered. The example of the Libraries and the associated art collections of the Krasinski, Przezdziecki and Zamoyski family estates in Warsaw may serve as an illustration of the potential which up to WW II was displayed by Polish private collections, gathered in cultural and scientific centres derived from, and active under the slogan of 'Amor Patrie nostra Lex'.

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COLLECTING HISTORICAL MILITARIA IN PARTITIONS-ERA WARSAW. PART II. FUNCTIONING IN SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS (Warszawskie koleckjonerstwo militariów historycznych okresu zaborów. cz. II. Funkcjonowanie w swiadomosci spolecznej)

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Ajewski K.

Muzealnictwo

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2007

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issue 48

61-67

EN

Wider circles of society in the Kingdom of Poland experienced considerable difficulties with becoming familiar with private collections of magnificent examples of historical weaponry. Amassed in the residences of their owners, the collections were available only to a chosen few, the only exception being the armoury of General J. H. Dabrowski, rendered accessible to the public up to 1830. Brief opportunities of seeing the impressive weapons were created by, i. a. funeral ceremonies conducted after the death of the renowned military and statesmen, buried in Warsaw. In the course of such events, catafalques were decorated with historical weapons from various collections. The projects and execution of such ceremonies, created by Zygmunt Vogel, a painter and a professor at Warsaw University, were distinguished by a frequent application of banners and panoplies composed of historical weaponry and emphasising links with warfare. The most important ones were associated with the burials of Commander-in-Chief Prince Jozef Poniatowski (1813 and 1814), Napoleonic-era generals - Jan Henryk Dabrowski (1818) and Stanislaw Mokronowski (1821), as well as the commander of the Knights School during the reign of King Stanislaw Augustus - Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (1823). The last religious-patriotic ceremony of this type preceded the outbreak of the November Uprising of 1830 and involved the consecration of a mausoleum containing the heart of King Jan III Sobieski in the Warsaw Capuchin church. In the second half of the nineteenth century, collectors of militaria enjoyed a chance to present their accomplishments in the course of antiquity exhibitions, organised since 1856 and stemming from widespread interest in the history of the Polish state. In lieu of a National Museum, absent in the oppressed country, the exhibitions displayed the previously concealed and dispersed magnificent Warsaw collections of historical weaponry, thus creating a foretaste of the Museum in a free homeland.

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5 Ajewski K.

Pułkownik Jan Krasicki (1785-1848). Zapomniany bohater wojen napoleońskich i powstania listopadowego (w świetle nieznanej korespondencji i innych źródeł)

Denon a Polska i Polacy

WARSAW COLLECTIONS OF HISTORICAL MILITARIA DURING THE PARTITIONS. PART I. ARMOURIES AND COLLECTIONS (Warszawskie kolekcjonerstwo militariów historycznych okresu zaborow. Cz. I. Zbrojownie i zbiory)

REMINISCENCE ABOUT THREE ESTATE LIBRARIES IN WARSAW ON THE SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THEIR DESTRUCTION (O trzech bibliotekach ordynackich w Waszawie w 60. rocznice ich zniszczenia)

COLLECTING HISTORICAL MILITARIA IN PARTITIONS-ERA WARSAW. PART II. FUNCTIONING IN SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS (Warszawskie koleckjonerstwo militariów historycznych okresu zaborów. cz. II. Funkcjonowanie w swiadomosci spolecznej)