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EN
The moral views of Lucius Annaeus Seneca express the pragmatic axiology of education which aimed to bring up a Roman citizen, a law-abiding person who followed common sense and an ethical code. At the same time, that citizen was aware of the public good and his self-esteem. These views of Seneca express a stoic concept of the human being’s autonomy. These views have been instrumental in defining the pedagogic ideas and are still significant for contemporary axiology of upbringing. Seneca’s moralia include axiology for education, which focuses on bringing up a human who is wise, reasonable, responsible, and efficient. This axiology is timeless.
EN
Jewish education is based on normative axiology tarjag micwot which include ethical values and fundamental social norms, including legal values. Historically and contemporary teaching in Judaism is grounded on the values included in 613 commandments of the Jewish moral and legal axiology. The values comprised in commandments of the Judaism were borrowed from the Christian axiology, however some of them were adopted in Islam. Contemporary many values stemming from Jewish commandments appear in non-religion axiology. In order to develop knowledge, skill and competences nthese values are still relevant.
EN
Baltasar Gracián’s views revolved around the motivation of moral axiology in reference to the cognitive knowledge of reason and the practical knowledge of reason, by which individuals achieve effective results. He believed that knowledge of motivation, strategies and tactics for successful goal achievement should be imparted in education, while wisdom is expressed by effective long-term and permanent results of reasonable actions. Behavioral strategies motivated by moral axiology result in increased human spiritual and material well-being in society, and education in this area contributes to knowledge spread and moral progress. Temporal wisdom is both life wisdom and worldly wisdom; the former belongs to the human nature of life and is a driving force behind the creation of a better human world.
EN
The main task of school education is not only teaching pupils according to the core curriculum and school programmes, but also disseminating basic knowledge about health, healthy nourishing and healthy lifestyle. Such health education has to be conducted by persons who have appropriate competences and professional experience in this matter i.e. by doctors, nurses and dieticians. It is crucial that these specialists should be hired in every school as they provide prevention and health promotion as well as health security of the pupils. Thanks to such education adolescence is much more aware of healthy lifestyle. School support pupils who what to eat healthy food, simultaneously it does not forbid eating junk food. There are no cases where pupils would be too obese or too thin. A lot of them take care of themselves by going in for sports and by nourishing in healthy way. Research results show that there is a need to conduct health education at secondary school by professionals specializing in medicine and nutrition.
PL
Głównym zadaniem edukacji szkolnej jest nie tylko nauczanie uczniów zgodnie z podstawą programową i programami szkolnymi, ale także rozpowszechnianie podstawowej wiedzy na temat zdrowia, zdrowego odżywiania i zdrowego stylu życia. Taka edukacja zdrowotna musi być prowadzona przez osoby posiadające odpowiednie kompetencje i doświadczenie zawodowe w tej dziedzinie, tj. lekarzy, pielęgniarki i dietetyków. Niezbędne jest zatrudnienie tych specjalistów w każdej szkole, ponieważ zapewniają one zapobieganie i promocję zdrowia, a także bezpieczeństwo zdrowotne uczniów. Dzięki takiej edukacji osoby dorastające są znacznie bardziej świadome zdrowego stylu życia. Szkoła wspiera uczniów, którzy jedzą zdrowe jedzenie, jednocześnie nie zabrania to spożywania śmieciowego jedzenia. Nie ma przypadków, w których uczniowie byliby zbyt otyli lub zbyt szczupli. Wiele z nich dba o siebie, uprawiając sport i odżywiając się w zdrowy sposób. Wyniki badań pokazują, że istnieje potrzeba prowadzenia edukacji zdrowotnej w szkole średniej przez specjalistów specjalizujących się w medycynie i żywieniu.
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