Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 7

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Humanitní vědy a vzdělanci v 19. a 20. století

100%
Pešek J., Miller S.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2023
|
vol. 121
|
issue 1
17-31
EN
The paper monitors the transformations of the position of the humanities and scholars in the 19th and 20th centuries. It shows the more or less unexpected acquisition of influence and power in society by a group of educated people in the service of the state or country. They were legitimized by their competence in the humanities – especially those linked to the ancient cultural heritage and secured by university certificates. The prestige capital of this professional group or perhaps even social class was great. They stood out for the 19th century, a time when only a small part of the population possessed full active literacy, the ability to formulate and communicate the problems of society and the time. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, their influence in society began to weaken, two world wars and the modernization and technology of the second half of the century significantly reduced their social role. However, the critical competence of historians and other humanities scholars is socially indispensable even today.
2
Content available remote

Zamyšlení nad Jarauschovými "modernizačními" dějinami Evropy 20. století

100%
Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2019
|
vol. 117
|
issue 1
139-159
EN
The synthesis of the European history of the “long” 20th century from the pen of Konrad H. Jarausch, Out of Ashes: A new history of Europe in the twentieth century (2015), became the impetus for the author of the presented text for consideration of the possibilities of the comprehension of the contemporary history of the diverse and very dynamic European continent. In the USA and Great Britain, a number of “European” syntheses have been written in the past decades. The originality of Jarausch’s work, which does not aspire to be a descriptive factual handbook, lies in that the author focused on the problem of widely conceived modernization, not only with a positive connotation as the leading phenomenon. At the same time, he placed the history of Germany and Russia/the Soviet Union in the centre of the description. He sees the interwar period and Second World War as the collision of the Nazi and Soviet models of modernization. The author interprets the post-war period of European history as competition
3
Content available remote

Vznik, charakter a konec první Československé republiky : (Několik úvah k aktuálním diskusím)

100%
Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2018
|
vol. 116
|
issue 3
659-692
EN
The author has used the 100th anniversary of the foundation of Czechoslovakia to review its history and historiography. He confronts traditional (positive) myths with the current, intentionally extreme and historical facts disregarding critiques of "Masaryk‘s Republic". To this end, the author puts the Czechoslovak narrative, usually presented in isolation, into Central European and pan-European contexts and comparisons. For it is only those contexts that, indeed, provide the framework for assessing this democratic experiment. Therefore, the author sketches the foundation of the Czechoslovak republic within the context of the collapse of the Central European monarchies transformed into military dictatorships during World War I. Further, he portrays the entrenchment of Czechoslovak democracy within the framework of the efforts of the Allied powers to base the post-war peace in Europe upon a system of democratic republics and the principle of collective security. Nazi Germany’s de facto annexation of democratic Czechoslovakia is then depicted as a result of the collapse of this European system once the great Western powers effectively abandoned it and the power of the main European dictatorships grew rapidly.
4
Content available remote

Varšava, Vídeň a další středoevropská města za první světové války ve světle nové literatury

100%
Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2017
|
vol. 115
|
issue 4
1089-1120
EN
Based on six publications, covering the fortunes of Warsaw, Vienna, Salzburg and Nurnberg, the author discusses the situation and the role of Central European cities during World War I. What all three monarchies, in particular the Hapsburg Empire and Tzarist Russia, had in common was that they were unprepared for the outbreak of a war of European dimensions; additionally they had not consider their metropolitan and industrial centres to be support structures in the demanding times of war, but saw them as easily exploitable reservoirs of well qualified recruits, money and supplies. The end result was the destructive exhaustion of their cities and in part the devastation of their economic potential. At the same time, the states transferred a whole number of demanding agendas and tasks (especially that of supply), yet they failed to create either material, or legal or financial preconditions for their fulfilment. Only the Wilhelm Empire, out of the three Empires, succeeded (exceptionally – in the case of Warsaw) to establish a productive, not exclusively destructive occupational policy. In Warsaw, Nurnberg and especially in Vienna, extreme war deprivations and the radicalisation of the poor and also of the middle classes forced the ruling (non-socialist) parties to introduce a de facto policy of the welfare state. The situation in the metropolises was one of the determining factors shaping the face of the ensuing post-war republics.
5
Content available remote

Varšavští "sanační" primátoři doby meziválečné a časů okupace. Téma historické i historiografické

100%
Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2020
|
vol. 118
|
issue 1
128-157
EN
Based on a comparison of two current biographies of the famous Warsaw mayors of the 1930s and 1940s, Stefan Starzyński and Julian Kulski, the author tries to capture with the earlier literature the establishment and transformation of the historical image of both heroized personalities. Both had substantial merit in modernizing Warsaw in the 1930s, defending it against the Nazis and resistance activities, but were also adherents to Józef Piłsudski and were members of the elite „renewal“ military-authoritarian regime. The paper shows the supra-regional significance of the mayors of the metropolis, describes their posthumous political instrumentation, or the collisions of methods of the historiographic interpretations of these personalities.
6
Content available remote

Jan Křen. Sedm desetiletí na cestách soudobých dějin

100%
Pešek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2021
|
vol. 119
|
issue 2
271-327
EN
Mapping the development of the research of contemporary history in the Czech Republic is not possible without analyses of the opinion and research development of key personalities. Jan Křen (1930–2020), a prolific historian who established a new field, an active political intellectual and influential academic teacher, was one of the most important Czech historians from the 1960s to the second decade of the 21st century. Křen’s development of his ideas, transformations of the thematization of the levels and aspects of the modern history of the Czech lands and every more distinctly also Central or all of Europe demonstrates the gradual general expansion of his research optics. The history of the Communist Party stood at the beginning, and from the 1960s they were replaced by Křen’s books on the Czechoslovak western exile representation of 1938–1940 and his fundamental role in large syntheses about the resistance against the Nazis. In the 1970s and 1980s, when Křen was forced to work as a field worker for his political involvement in the Prague Spring, he wrote a fundamental work on the problems of Czech-German coexistence. After the 1989 revolution, in addition to a number of cultural and political activities, Křen founded and led the interdisciplinary Institute of International Studies. At the same time, he devoted his research and literary capacity to the synthesis of Central European history from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 21st centuries.
7
Content available remote

Český historik Josef Petráň

51%
Pánek J., Pešek J., Vorel P.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2018
|
vol. 116
|
issue 2
361-401
EN
Josef Petráň (1930-2017) is justly ranked among the most pivotal Czech historians of the 20th century and the 21th century’s early years. As Professor of Czech History at the Faculty of Arts at Charles University he educated three generations of students and principally impacted upon the develompment of historiography in the Czech Lands. His extensive publishing activity, spanning from 1951 until 2018 (books published posthumously by his wife and fellow researcher Lydia Petráňová), is marked by an all-encompassing breadth of themes, methodological thoroughness and a continuing focus on the key themes of Czech and Central European history of the Late Middle Ages up to present times. The work of Josef Petráň progressed under the difficult conditions of the Communist regime (he himself was persecuted repeatedly), yet it nevertheless became an expression of free thinking and effort to present the truthful interpretation of history against regime propaganda; however, some of his seminal works could only be published after 1989. This article presents a brief outline of the life and work of Josef Petráň (Part I); it then focuses on the evaluation of his works from the field of the economic and social history of the Early Modern Age (Part II) and finally on works from the history of culture and education, in particular Charles University (Part III).
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.