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EN
The lexicography of the Slavonic nations, especially the branch of nest lexicography, has seen an impetuous development since the sixties, producing at least fifty publications, but it remains effectively unknown to French lexicography. Updated terminology, the symbols of successive parts of speech in the word-formative chain from the centre of the nest to the specific derivative, remain an achievement of researchers solely on this side of the Rhône. The DISFA dictionary (Claude Gruaz et al., published 2008) neither does refer to the Slavonic tradition, nor even to the native, French tradition (p.ex. an unfinished project from the nineties that was initiated by Danielle Corbin), and remains despite the announcements only a morphological and etymological dictionary.
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EN
The paper aims to clarify the misunderstandings concerning the semantic description of derivative verbs created through exchange of prefixes. The description of a class of verbs which up to now have been regarded as expressing the intensity of an action (e.g. przekarmić ‘to overfeed’, przesolić ‘to oversalt’) had to undergo deep changes, including the elimination of lexemes which were created using two morphemes simultaneously (napracować się ‘to have worked a lot’ ← pracować ‘to work’). A detailed analysis has enabled us to prove that where others saw intensity, there was in fact effectiveness. Derivatives included in this category express three grades of effectiveness: high (as in ubawić się ‘to have rather enjoyed oneself’, wybiegać się ‘to have run enough’), excessive (as in przesolić ‘to oversalt’, zapić się ‘to loose life due to alcohol addiction’) and maximal (wytruć ‘to poison everyone’, domyć ‘to wash something clean’). Moreover, other lexemes need to be included in this class, namely those which are incorrectly seen as determining methodicalness (objeść ‘to eat all of someone’s food’), as well as exhaustivity (wybić ‘to kill everyone’, wyniszczyć ‘to thoroughly destroy’). Such a description will promote effectiveness, while eliminating small semantic sub-groups that are not uniform in their structure.
EN
Based on Polish and French vocabulary, this paper proposes criteria which shall make it possible to diHerentiate between prefixoids and prefixes. Uere are three such criteria: 1. prefixoids have the capacity to become autonomous (and even to become bases in word formation), and are impossible to substitute in their semantic representation by native prefixes, or to be expanded into full lexemes; 2. lexemes are created together with sufixoids, showing that neither of them are just afixes; 3. in some cases, the position of sufixoids can vary with regard to the lexical element which co-forms the compound lexeme. It is for these reasons that these elements deserve their own place in the morphological description of, at least, Polish and French.
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