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EN
The purpose of the article “Pragmatism in Poland – first reactions, early records” is to show the process of familiarizing Polish readers with this new philosophical trend, and its reception in Poland at the beginning of the 20th century. Polish scholars, despite the difficulties involved, were familiar with the main assumptions of pragmatism. The sources of their knowledge in this respect were most often studies conducted at western university centres. The main exponents of pragmatic ideas were: Florian Znaniecki (1882–1958), Władysław Mieczysław Kozłowski (1858–1935) and Stanisław Brzozowski (1878–1911), whereas Władysław Biegański (1857–1917) developed his views in opposition to pragmatism. However, it is necessary to point out that the role of Polish scholars in the development of pragmatism was insignificant. Kozłowski undoubtedly popularized the main ideas – views endorsed by pragmatists through his work, while the works of Znaniecki and Brzozowski were sources of information to the reader who was interested in philosophical novelties of the new intellectual movement, interchangeably called pragmatism or humanism. The mentioned scholars drew their philosophical inspirations from pragmatism, which in a sense they eventually assimilated; in consequence, pragmatism shaped their own original views.
EN
The nineteenth century brought, among others, tragic experiences in the life of the Polish nation, which were a consequence of the loss of an independent state. But it also revealed maximalism in philosophical aspirations, expressed by a belief that there is a close connection between philosophy and the life of the nation. No doubt these experiences and aspirations contributed to the creation of the “Polish national philosophy” – the philosophy of romanticism. Disputes about its essence revived in the early twentieth century. It seems that the issues raised at that time now require rethinking. Yet, these days – in the times of modern changes related to the processes of globalization, commercialization and dissemination of the model of a society that is multicultural, individualistic and consumptionist – has not the issue of the “Polish national philosophy” become outdated? The purpose of this paper is to formulate a few remarks on the “national philosophy”. It aims to do so by referring to significant opinions of a few outstanding representatives of Polish philosophy, whose ideas were instrumental in creating and shaping the Polish philosophical thought.
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