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Gubernatorzy wojskowi w systemie polskiej administracji początków XIX wieku

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Marszałek P. K.

Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne

2012

vol. 64

issue 1

39-66

In Polish literature on the subject, the military governor’s office is usually associated with the organisation of the administrative system that prevailed in the partitioning states (Poland’s Partitions 1791-1918). However, the governor’s office had already been known in Poland during the Duchy of Warsaw (1807-1815), when it was, like many other solutions of administrative and military law, imported directly from France. In the structure of Polish public organs, the office of governor was created for the first time during the Polish-Austrian war in 1809. Although no documents have survived from which we could learn of the competences of a Polish governor in those times, what is known is that the description of his authority followed closely the model set out by the French legislation. It was not before the Polish-Russian war in 1830-1831 that first attempts were made to independently set out the authority o f a governor of the Polish state, but even then, at least initially, the solutions set forth by the regime o f the Napoleonic decree were directly referred to and copied. In the second half of the 19th century, shortly before the collapse of the November Uprising, a draft describing the office and competences of a Polish governor was finally ready to be put forward for parliamentary discussion, but it was already too late for the Sejm to deal with it.

Problem suwerenności II Rzeczypospolitej w świetle postanowień mniejszościowego traktatu wersalskiego z 1919 roku

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Marszałek P. K.

Historia i Polityka

2020

issue 31 (38)

Sovereignty is one of the basic values defining the state, especially in international relations. Any political entity aspiring to the position of an independent state attaches great importance to recognizing and respecting its sovereignty. This is characteristic especially for young countries. This article attempts to present the issue of sovereignty with respect to the Polish state reborn in 1918. The contemporary Polish leaders were very sensitive to any attempt to limit sovereignty. On the other hand, the established custom of the great powers was to impose solutions on the smaller or weaker countries that often limited their sovereignty. One of the issues during the peace conference in Versailles in 1919 was the problem of national minorities. This problem occurred in many European countries after the end of World War I and could have been the origin of a new conflict. They tried to solve it by imposing smaller states signing additional treaties regulating the status of national minorities in individual countries. It was often connected with the establishment of instruments enabling interference in internal affairs causing limitation of sovereignty. Poland was also forced to sign such a treaty.

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Gubernatorzy wojskowi w systemie polskiej administracji początków XIX wieku

Problem suwerenności II Rzeczypospolitej w świetle postanowień mniejszościowego traktatu wersalskiego z 1919 roku