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1

Black Shirt: An (Un)Known Garment Worn by Mountain Shepherds in the Western Carpathians

100%
Michalička V.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2023
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vol. 33
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issue 2
103 - 114
EN
The study focusses on black shirts, soaked with animal fat and smoked, worn by Carpathian shepherds in the 17th-19th centuries. The author focuses on sources from the area of the present-day Czech Republic, taking into consideration the wider context of the use of this garment also in the area of the present-day Poland and Slovakia. The chosen theme has been dealt with based on the study of period sources and professional literature as well as on a series of experiments aimed at the technique of making this shirt and at practical issues related to its common use. The functionality of this garment, which featured a special treatment −impregnation with animal fat and smoking − is addressed as well. Due to this treatment, the shirt was more resistant to moisture, cold, wind, and insects. The study also presents results of experimental research which explains the process of making the black shirts, confronting their real properties with historical records. In the conclusion, the author points out the pitfalls of experimental verification due to the unfamiliarity with detailed procedures and production customs, and opens up the possibility of further laboratory research in collaboration with technical disciplines.
2

Traditional Handcraft Techniques as Part of Documentation Accompanying the Museum Ethnographic Collection

100%
Michalička V.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2021
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vol. 31
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issue 3
204 - 212
EN
The study deals with defining the documentation of traditional techniques within the ethnographic collection. It addresses the question of supplementing the museum thesaurus with fully functional techniques. Attention is paid to real possibilities of preserving practical skills in relation to ethnographical deposited. The theoretical introduction focussing on the principles of creating museum thesauri is followed by an analysis of experimental approaches to and eventualities of reconstructions of extinct traditional techniques. Defining the dependence of the preservation of traditional handicraft technologies directly in museum institutions on specific bearers of these skills is an important section of the study. The potential of experiments and reconstructions to expand and deepen the documentation of ethnographic collections is demonstrated by three specific examples of implementations carried out in the Wallachian Open-Air Museum in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm and the Centre of Traditional Techniques in Příbor. In the conclusion, the author points out the main difficulties of anchoring the repositories with traditional skills in the structure of museums.
3

Paths and Possibilities for Experiments in the Field of Traditional Technologies (in the Czech Republic)

100%
Michalička V.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2021
|
vol. 31
|
issue 5
45 - 57
EN
This study deals with experiments in the field of traditional production technologies. It focusses on experiments that can be used for ethnological interpretations. Attention is paid to both scientific experiments and results achieved by amateur experimenters. The theoretical introduction, defining the historical continuity and basic principles of empirical knowledge of traditional technologies based on experiments, is followed by a review text focussed on the form of contemporary experiments and reconstructions of historical technologies and techniques. An important part of the study presents examples of successful and significant experiments carried out in the Czech Republic. The experimental reconstruction of the technology used for the production of ash filtrates, which disappeared in the second half of the nineteenth century, is mentioned as an illustrative example. In the conclusion, the author points out the benefits and pitfalls associated with experiments in the field of traditional technologies.
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