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SZCZĄTKI ZWIERZĘCE z KOMPLEKSU OSADNICZEGO W SZESTNIE- CZARNYM LESIE

100%

Iwaszczuk U.

Światowit

2012

vol. Tom VII (XLVIII), fasc. B

51-65

Excavations carried out at Early Medieval hillfort in Szestno „Czarny Las” between 1995 and 2002 yielded a lot of animal remains. The osteological material consisted of 3986 pieces and 63% of those were identified. The bones were very badly preserved - most were fragmented, a high number were burned, some were brittle or chipping, they also showed many anthropogenic marks. The material was divided into four categories in relation to the functions of particular parts of the hillfort, that is the main square, the area located near the rampart, the rampart with the moat and assemblages in trench IV with human-animal burials. The parts of the site differ with respect to the species and anatomical distribution. The post-consumption remains consist mainly of cattle in all the categories, with caprine bones coming second in the area near the bulwark together with the bulwark and the moat, but the caprines came third after pig remains in the settlement square. A number of horse and dog bones were also recovered. In addition to that, there were some remains of wild animals and few bird and fish bones. Age profile of the livestock implies a well-developed and stable economy with the use of secondary products. Morphological analysis suggests the presence of small- and average-sized cattle representing the brachycerous type, the sheep represented large type and the pig small- and average- sized variety. The osteological material found in two layers of cobblestones (paving D) in trench IV consisted of 633 pieces and 28% were identified. All assemblages with human together with animal bones yielded many burned fragments. Animals burned with the dead belonged to livestock, and the species distribution was comparable to the general profile, the only exception was a higher proportion of horse remains in the burials. The few bones without burning marks probably came from feasts in the honour ofthe dead.

Średniowieczna wiersza z rejonu mostu zachodniego na Ostrowie Lednickim

45%

Gręzak A., Iwaszczuk U., Pydyn A., Popek M., Radka K.

Studia Lednickie

2018

vol. 17

161-179

In the 2015 season, the underwater research in Lake Lednica focused on further exploration of two exploration plots of the Poznań bridge — 7 in the XCV area and 5 in the XCIII area and on the opening of a trial trench in the area of Ostrów Lednicki island. During the exploration of plot 5 in the XCIII zone, the wicker object in a radiating out shape was localised. Because of its archaeological value and the need of further exploration, the object was excavated and handed over to the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica for preservation. The excavated object is probably a trap, a type of fish trap called ‘wiersza’ (a wicker fish trap). During examination of the object and cleaning after excavation, a great number of animal bone remains were collected and analysed. They almost exclusively came from fishes. In the bone material, the remains of several fishes were found: a catfish, eight perches, a pike, the fishes of the Cyprinidae family, including at least two roaches, as well as three remains of a pig. In the case of a catfish and the perches there were elements from all parts of the skeletons, while several bones belonged to two roaches and there was one pike tooth. The latter element was probably included in the assemblage accidentally. The conducted analysis shows that the catfish with SL (standard length) 70–75 cm and the perches, in most cases the large ones with SL=35–45 cm, were trapped in the fish trap. It is, however, not certain whether the roaches caught in the trap or had earlier been caught by predatory fish or fishes found in the trap. It is suspected that a phalanx and two ribs of a young pig, which probably come from the same animal, are the remains of a fishing bait placed in the wicker fish trap. Radiocarbon dating of the organic material which the object was made of indicates that it was placed after the bridge was no longer in use, probably in the late 12th or the early 13th century. For unspecified reasons the described wicker fish trap was not emptied and was left among the relics of the early medieval bridge. The discovery of the remains of the wicker fish trap and the analysis of its contents brought new information about one of the ways of fish harvesting used by the inhabitants of the area of Lake Lednica and its efficiency.

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1 Studia Lednickie

1 Światowit

2 Iwaszczuk U.

1 Gręzak A.

1 Popek M.

1 Pydyn A.

1 Radka K.

1 2018

1 2012

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SZCZĄTKI ZWIERZĘCE z KOMPLEKSU OSADNICZEGO W SZESTNIE- CZARNYM LESIE

Średniowieczna wiersza z rejonu mostu zachodniego na Ostrowie Lednickim