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EN
This article analyses the work of Herman Czerwiński as a leading theater critic of Gazeta Żydowska (Jewish Gazette), published by Jewish journalists under the control of the Nazis in 1940–1942 in the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region. To date, his contributions to the Gazeta Żydowska have received little scholarly attention, whether in publications about Jewish press or about Jewish theater during the Second World War. The authors of the article focus on Czerwiński’s opinions on the activity of Warsaw Ghetto theaters, his assessment of their repertoire policy, and his way of reviewing performances staged in the ghetto. The primary research method was quantitative-qualitative content analysis of all 279 editions of Gazeta Żydowska. In order to determine how Czerwiński was perceived in the ghetto, the research also included Gazeta Żydowska articles mentioning him, as well as diaries and memoirs of members of the Jewish intelligentsia. The research also reconstructed the critic’s earlier life, particularly his links with theater, based on pre-war publications from Polish and Jewish press.
PL
W artykule przeprowadzono analizę dorobku Hermana Czerwińskiego jako wiodącego krytyka teatralnego „Gazety Żydowskiej” (GŻ) wydawanej przez żydowskich publicystów pod kontrolą hitlerowskiego okupanta w latach 1940–1942 na terenie Generalnego Gubernatorstwa. Jego publicystyka w GŻ nie doczekała się dotychczas szerszego omówienia ani w publikacjach naukowych dotyczących żydowskiej prasy ani w pracach poświęconych teatrowi żydowskiemu w czasie II wojny światowej. Przedmiot zainteresowania autorów artykułu stanowi w szczególności stosunek Czerwińskiego do działalności teatrów z getta warszawskiego, jego ocena ich polityki repertuarowej, a także jego sposób recenzowania gettowych spektakli. Podstawową metodę badawczą stanowiła ilościowo-jakościowa analiza zawartości wszystkich 279 wydań GŻ. Aby ustalić, jak Czerwińskiego postrzegano w getcie, w badaniu uwzględniono także poświęcone mu teksty z GŻ, a także dzienniki i wspomnienia przedstawicieli żydowskiej inteligencji. W celu zrekonstruowania wcześniejszych losów krytyka, w tym zwłaszcza jego związków z teatrem, w analizie wykorzystano także publikacje z przedwojennej prasy polskiej i żydowskiej.
EN
This article analyses the work of Herman Czerwiński as a leading theater critic of Gazeta Żydowska (Jewish Gazette), published by Jewish journalists under the control of the Nazis in 1940–1942 in the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region. To date, his contributions to the Gazeta Żydowska have received little scholarly attention, whether in publications about Jewish press or about Jewish theater during the Second World War. The authors of the article focus on Czerwiński’s opinions on the activity of Warsaw Ghetto theaters, his assessment of their repertoire policy, and his way of reviewing performances staged in the ghetto. The primary research method was quantitative-qualitative content analysis of all 279 editions of Gazeta Żydowska. In order to determine how Czerwiński was perceived in the ghetto, the research also included Gazeta Żydowska articles mentioning him, as well as diaries and memoirs of members of the Jewish intelligentsia. The research also reconstructed the critic’s earlier life, particularly his links with theater, based on pre-war publications from Polish and Jewish press.
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