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EN
In this article I want to show similarities, analogies, and differences between the main categories constituting the fundamental principle on which the logocentric metaphysics of Aristotle and the positive metaphysics of Bergson were constructed. Both metaphysical theories, on the grounds of understanding of the reality and rudimentary principles, that govern this reality, do not show significant discrepancies. Both, in my opinion, try to bring to the fore these metaphysical categories, which represent paradigms for the same power, energy, principle of life, or just life manifesting itself in a movement, a becoming and a flow that operates rationally and consciously, that is to say, intentionally. This power infiltrates and connects beings to one another and, in this way, each one and all are related to each one. This power is Bergson’s élan vital - that within animals is manifested as instinct, whereas within people, it sublimates into intuition - and Aristotle’s individual nature of things (phisis), as the inner principle of movement and rest within the individual being. The main factors for the different interpretations and incomparability of these two theories are, as I suppose; language as a tool for description of reality and different hermeneutics of rationality that the two philosophers represent. The language used for the description of reality, at the level of metaphysics is a result of the aforementioned different hermeneutics.
EN
In his short prose, Stefan Grabiński often referred to issues connected with fields related to literature in order to deepen the psychological portrait of the characters he created. In the novellas I selected, the author refers to philosophy (including Bergson’s theories) and psychoanalysis, which allows him to create credible and true-tolife figures whom he, at the same time, places in worlds that are plastic enough to become the arena of uncanny stories. Both The Realm and Grot, the Engine-Driver seem to be evidence of Grabiński’s prosaic genius, which he could demonstrate to the full in his novellas. Therefore, the article that I present is a peculiar reconnaissance, aimed at emphasising the virtuosity of this Polish classical writer of horror stories, and at pointing out his high competences in the field of constructing complex and true-to-life characters.
PL
Stefan Grabiński w swoich krótkich formach prozatorskich często odwoływał się do zagadnień z dziedzin pokrewnych literaturze – w celu pogłębienia portretu psychologicznego bohaterów przez niego kreowanych. W wybranych przeze mnie nowelach autor odwołuje się do filozofii (w tym do teorii Bergsona) czy psychoanalizy, dzięki czemu może tworzyć bohaterów wiarygodnych, których jednocześnie osadza w światach wystarczająco plastycznych, by mogły stać się areną rozgrywania opowieści niesamowitych. Zarówno Dziedzina, jak i Maszynista Grot wydają się być świadectwem prozatorskiego geniuszu Grabińskiego, który najpełniej realizował się właśnie w nowelach. Zaprezentowany przeze mnie artykuł jest zatem swoistym rekonesansem mającym na celu uwydatnienie kunsztu pisarskiego polskiego klasyka grozy oraz zwrócenie uwagi na świadectwa jego wysokich kompetencji w dziedzinie konstruowania wiarygodnych i złożonych sylwetek bohaterów.
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