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The Impact of the Soviet Repatriation Campaign on the Eastern European Émigré Community in Argentina (1955-1963)

100%
Galvan V.
Littera Scripta
|
2017
|
vol. 1
22-34
EN
In response to a strong anticommunist campaign in the Western World in the 1950s, the USSR started a counter-propaganda campaign directly aimed at Eastern European émigrés living abroad to persuade them to return to Soviet territories. This policy was implemented through the founding of the International Committee for the Return to the Motherland, established in 1955 in East Berlin. This paper intends to explore the Argentinean case in the context of the post-Stalinist Soviet Repatriation campaign, aided by the historical analysis of local official period documents (mainly diplomatic and intelligence reports) and oral history, to argue that the characteristics of Argentine society in the 1950s and 60s were largely responsible for the success of local agents of propaganda and recruiters. Nonetheless, the process of repatriation also affected the subjectivity of the repatriates and called into question their sense national identity.
2
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Zygmunt Haupt – pisarz, tłumacz, redaktor „Głosu Ameryki”, popularyzator książek i czytelnik

84%
Krupa B.
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi
|
2017
|
issue 11
231-252
EN
The article presents the broad relationship between Zygmunt Haupt and books, based on source materials from the Zygmut Haupt Papers collection at Special Collections, Stanford University Library in California. Zygmunt Haupt (1907-1975) was a Polish émigré writer and painter, who was published in the leading Polish émigré publications, such as „Culture” in Paris, „Wiadomości” in London, and „Tematy” in New York. He was a recipient of the Culture Award in 1962 and the Kościelski Foundation Award in 1971, but was not published in Poland during his lifetime. The author presents Z. Haupt as an author; a translator; a promoter of books not available to Polish readers at that time, on the waves of the Voice of America and the US Information Agency; and finally, a reader. By keeping contact with leading figures of the Polish émigré - Jerzy Giedroyc and the team of the Literary Institute in Paris, Mieczysław Grydzewski, Zygmunt Hładki and Zdzisław Ruszkowski in London, Paweł Mayewski, Józef Wittlin and Aleksander Janta-Połczyński in New York - he had the opportunity to exchange information about books published in the USA and Poland, as well as their readings. His extensive correspondence with booksellers in Poland, Great Britain, France, Switzerland, and the USA showcases his reading interests, as well as a rich collection of index cards with the titles he read, owned or ordered from booksellers abroad and in the USA.
3
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Immigrants Descent and its Expression in American Culture and Language in the 20th Century

67%
Zygmunt R.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
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2022
|
vol. 1
169-180
EN
It is undoubtable that the immigration to the US is largely due to the steady ow of fresh minds and a new spirit that inuences the development of the American society. These new forces help protect the American society from the stagnation experienced in the Old World. The importance of immigrant experiences puts the United States on the brink of a very dicult, but often successful combination of the new and the old. Beyond question, this is true, especially regarding twentieth-century emigrants such as Eva Homan or the family of Alfred Kazin. Although Vladimir Nabokov having been himself an exception, not easy to categorize as writer, in his life as an ØmigrØ in the USA, he could also prove that the absorption of the American culture and language to a large extent took place, and was fruitful. For much of the twentieth century, the immigrant osmosis of the New World was associated with assimilation to the highly desirable, largely monolithic, English culture of the East Coast.
4

Postać emigranta: dosłownie i powieściowo

67%
Rosset F.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2021
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vol. 112
|
issue 2
79-87
PL
Autor analizuje powody pojawienia się we francuszczyźnie słowa „émigré [emigrant]” i zmiany jego zakresu znaczeniowego. Pierwotnie emigrant to uciekinier z Francji ogarniętej rewolucyjną zawieruchą, najczęściej arystokrata. Z czasem leksem ten zaczął oznaczać człowieka zmuszonego opuścić swoją ojczyznę, poddaną przemocy militarnej i politycznej, obrońcę wolności, reprezentującego różne warstwy społeczne. Zmiana ta dokonała się przede wszystkim pod wpływem doświadczeń polskich z końca XVIII wieku – powstania kościuszkowskiego i rozbiorów. Perturbacjom leksykalnym towarzyszyła rewizja nastawienia Francuzów do Polski i Polaków. Przyciągała uwagę nie tylko dziwność ustroju i położenia, ale również poświęcenie, bohaterstwo, wysoka etyka, umiłowanie wolności. Kierunek zmian potwierdza francuska literatura powieściowa tego czasu.
EN
The author of the paper analyses the evidence for the appearance of the word émigré in the French language and the changes of its scope of meaning. Initially, this word referred to a person, mostly an aristocrat, who escaped from France in the times of the French Revolution. With time, the lexeme started to be used to name a person forced to leave their home country oppressed by a military and political force, a defender of freedom that represents various social strata. The change took place mainly as a result of the Polish experience of the end of the 18th century—the Kościuszko Uprising and partitions of Poland. The lexical perturbations were accompanied by a revision of the French people’s attitude towards Poland and Poles. The French attention was captured by weirdness of country system and geopolitical situation, but also by devotion, heroism, high ethics, and love for freedom. The direction of the changes is confirmed by the French novel writings of the times.
5
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Eva Hoffman’s Brief Encounter with Émigré Life and Immigrant Community Before Entering the Culture of the New World

43%
Zygmunt R.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
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2018
|
vol. 1/2018
89-106
EN
When looking at Eva Hoffman’s life story through Lost in Translation, it is evident that the word “translation” has two independent meanings. It is connected both with the emigration of her family to the New World, and with Hoffman’s identity and language change. The importance of learning a new language as a medium of translation to a new culture is strongly stressed by Hoffman. As being an immigrant was treated as just a brief interval in her life, she decided to translate herself entirely into English, even though different parts of her personality were still present, which was well visible when she asked herself the same questions in English and Polish and reached entirely different answers. The main goal for Hoffman appeared to be connected with obtaining a solid education in the New World, which she achieved by graduating from Harvard University. This was a confirmation of Eva Hoffman’s assimilationsuccess.
PL
Patrząc na historię życia Ewy Hoffman poprzez pryzmat Lost in Translation, oczywiste jest, że słowo "tłumaczenie" ma dwa niezależne znaczenia. Związane jest to zarówno z emigracją jej rodziny do Nowego Świata, jak i z przemianą tożsamości i języka Hoffman. Doniosłość opanowania nowego języka jako medium przejścia w nową kulturę jest mocno podkreślana przez Hoffman. Jako że bycie imigrantem zostało potraktowane jako krótka przerwa w swoim życiu, zdecydowała się ona całkowicie przejść na angielski, mimo że wciąż obecne były w niej różne osobowości. Było to szczególnie dobrze widoczne, gdy zadawała sobie te same pytania po angielsku i po polsku i osiągała zupełnie inne odpowiedzi. Główny cel Hoffman wydawał się być związany z uzyskaniem solidnego wykształcenia w Nowym Świecie, które zdobyła dzięki ukończeniu Uniwersytetu Harvarda. Było to potwierdzenie sukcesu asymilacyjnego Ewy Hoffman.
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