Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 4

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  Łysa Góra
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1
100%
EN
The article describes the history of Modliborzyc, located in the vicinity of Opatowa. The author focuses mainly on the period of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but does not ignore the Middle Ages. The is done by using current historical publications and source and chronicle editions, among others the writings of Jan Długosz. The main part of the article is based on materials held in the Collegiate Chapter Archives and Cathedral in Sandomierz. The author describes above all, the Church-religionquestion (including the relationship with the Benedictine monastery on Łysa Góra), as well as social, educational and economic questions.
PL
Artykuł opisuje historię Modliborzyc, zlokalizowanych w pobliżu Opatowa. Autor koncentruje się w głównej mierze na okresie XVI i XVII w., jednak nie pomija dziejów średniowiecznych. Te ostatnie prezentuje wykorzystując dotychczasowe publikacje histo-ryczne oraz edycje źródłowe i kronikarskie, m. in. przekaz Jana Długosza. Zasadnicza część artykułu opiera się na materiałach zgromadzonych w zbiorach Archiwum Kapituły Kolegiackiej i Katedralnej w Sandomierzu. Autor opisuje przede wszystkim kwestie ko-ścielno-religijne (w tym związek z klasztorem benedyktyńskim na Łysej Górze), jak rów-nież społeczne, szkolne i gospodarcze.
EN
There are many stereotypes related to witches and witch trials in the public’s imagination. One of the popular elements associated to this issue is the question of the witches’ Sabbath, which the witches attended. The Sabbath itself is a collection of the fantasies of late medieval and early modern society, with specific features depending on the region. Researchers assume that the sources of the meetings that later became known as the Sabbath were those attributed to heretics who worshiped the devil during them. This meeting was characterized by a certain order of rituals and customs. They could take place not only on such characteristic days as April 30, but also a week, up to three times. According to testimonies, witches arrived at the Sabbath on broomsticks or pitchforks, and during the meeting an orgy would often take place. These meetings took place in special places, mainly on various hills. The most famous mountains, where the Sabbaths took place, are Blocksberg in the Harz Mountains, Łysa Góra, and when it comes to the border area of Silesia and Moravia – Petrovy Kameny, which appear in large numbers in the testimonies of people accused of witchcraft in this area. This place, which is located on the border of the estate, was considered to be full of the forces of darkness, therefore in 1682 it was decided to consecrate it. Very often specific areas or regions “had” their own mountain where witch meetings took place. The Sabbaths could also take place in less obvious places, e.g. in clearings, trees, road branches or near the gallows. In some cases, in memory of such meetings, characteristic names such as Hexenplan or Hexenplatz remained, which not only can be found on old maps, but also function to this day in designated areas.
PL
W wyobraźni społeczeństwa funkcjonuje wiele stereotypów związanych z czarownicami, jak i z procesami o czary. Jednym z popularnych elementów związanych z tym zagadnieniem jest kwestia sabatu czarownic, na który owe uczęszczały. Sam sabat jest zbiorem fantazji późnośredniowiecznego i wczesnonowożytnego społeczeństwa, o specyficznych cechach, zależnych od regionu. Badacze wychodzą z założenia, że źródłem spotkań, które później zyskały miano sabatu, były te przypisywane heretykom, którzy podczas nich czcili diabła. Spotkanie to cechował pewien porządek rytuałów i obyczajów. Odbywać się one mogły nie tylko w takie charakterystyczne dni jak 30 kwietnia, lecz także w tygodniu, nawet do trzech razy. Według zeznań czarownice przylatywały na sabat na miotłach lub widłach, a podczas spotkania nierzadko miało dochodzić do orgii. Do spotkań tych dochodziło w szczególnych miejscach, przede wszystkim na różnego rodzaju wzniesieniach. Do najbardziej znanych gór, gdzie odbywały się sabaty, należą Blocksberg w Górach Harzu, Łysa Góra, a jeśli chodzi o pograniczne śląsko-morawskie – Petrovy Kameny, które licznie pojawiają się w zeznaniach osób oskarżonych o czary na tym obszarze. Miejsce to, które znajduje się na dawnym pograniczu dóbr, uchodziło za pełne sił ciemności, stąd też w 1682 r. zdecydowano się je poświęcić. Bardzo często konkretne obszary czy regiony „miały” własną górę, gdzie dochodziło do spotkań czarownic. Sabaty mogły się także odbywać w mniej oczywistych miejscach, np. na polanach, drzewach, rozgałęzieniach dróg czy w pobliżu szubienicy. W niektórych przypadkach na pamiątkę takich spotkań pozostały charakterystyczne nazwy, takie jak: Hexenplan czy Hexenplatz, które nie tylko można znaleźć na starych mapach, lecz także funkcjonują one do dzisiaj na wyznaczonych terenach.
EN
During archaeological works carried out in 2013 in the cloister garth of the former Benedictine Abbey on Łysiec researchers found a complex rain and ground water collection system. Its construction consisted in adding new elements to the existing structure (which continued to work). The main component of the system was a tank, described in sources and various studies as a well, which originated most probably in the first half of the 17th century, during an expansion of the abbey started by Abbot Bogusław Radoszewski Boxa and continued by Abbot Stanisław Sierakowski. The main tank was connected to a supplementary tank, built in the 18th century, and the system was based on the principle of communicating vessels. The last element of the system –the structure surrounding the tank and filtering water flowing from the cloister garth– was made in the second half of the 19th century or the first half of the 20th century. A well or tank may have existed in the abbey even earlier, but we do not know whether it had always been in the same place – the cloister garth in its present form was not built until the mid-15th century.
EN
The article postulates the reconstruction of the destroyed tower of the former Benedictine monastery of the Holy Cross on £ysiec in the OEwiêtokrzyskie Mts. In the past, the tower, together with its picturesque helmet, constituted a landmark that shaped the surrounding cultural landscape. The tower was built of cut stone during the reconstruction of the monastery and the church after the fire of 1781, and survived in a satisfactory state to the beginning of the twentieth century. On 31 October 1914 withdrawing Austrian troops plundered assorted elements of the historical monastic complex and blew up the church tower, whose collapse caused serious damage to the church. Rapid reconstruction was hampered by insufficient financial means and the dramatic situation of the partially abandoned and ruined abbey. The conception of rebuilding the tower was revived during the 1960s. The project prepared at the time assumed a faithful reconstruction according to appearance prior to destruction. Plans were made for using some of the preserved original cut stones in the elevation. From the viewpoint of conservation, the above mentioned project can be described as the construction of a copy of the tower (on a 1:1 scale) and the anastylosis of some of its architectural details. The range of the planned rebuilding of the tower’s outer shape permitted the application of a contemporary construction of the edifice and raising it with the help of modern construction methods. The project remains topical, and constitutes the foundation for all further plans of recreating the Holy Cross tower. Today, the area around the church no longer contains any elements testifying to the existence of a tower, whose role was effectively assumed by a television tower dominating over the nearby landscape. The construction of this particular tower was a symptom of ignoring the preserved cultural landscape and the supremacy of practical and economic aspects, which became more important than the further preservation of the unchanged surrounding of the monastic complex and the natural environment. The author proposes research and conservation postulates concerning the architecture of the complex, and draws attention to certain issues which should be explained and analysed. They include important research in the archives of those Benedictine abbeys with which the Holy Cross maintained contacts as well as in the Central Benedictine Archive.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.