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NOWE MOŻLIWOŚCI OCHRONY DREWNIANYCH ZABYTKÓW PRZED POŻAREM. SYSTEM GASZENIA MGŁĄ WODNĄ

100%

Ogrodzki P.

Ochrona Zabytków

2003

issue 1-2

210-218

Fire poses a constant threat to historical monuments, especially wooden sacral objects. Each year statistics prepared by the State Fire Brigade services list new destroyed objects. The diminished entries in the register and inventory encompass both categories of historical monuments – mobile and immobile. For many years now, the number of fires of historical objects has maintained a steady level of about 150. The future retention of such a threat will signify that in the coming ten years some 1500 monuments will simply disappear from the map of Poland. In 2003 the Polish market has noted the appearance of new, extremely noteworthy technological solutions specially devised for the protection of historical wooden architecture, including a permanent fire extinguishing installation. The first installation of this sort was applied in the church of St. Sebastian in Wieliczka. The extinguishing system control was installed next to the side entrance. The water supply and pneumatic set was placed in a concrete subterranean receptacle built in the church plot, thus resolving the localisation of the hydrophores, gas cylinders, valves and other elements of water supply. The reinforced concrete chamber required an area of only 10 sq. m. The hydrophore chamber adjoins an additional hydrant attachment. Depending on the local sources supplying the system with water its utilization may assume assorted forms. On the one hand, it makes it possible to fill the receptacles (in case of a water shortage in the course of extinguishing a fire) and, on the other hand, it can be used by special units which, upon arrival, can pump water into the whole extinguishing system. The pipe installation is built partially of oxidized steel pipes and copper. Vertical pipes were introduced into the attic by means of a passage through the sacristy. The pipes were concealed with the battens and thus rendered them totally invisible. The church elevation contains only slightly discernible small mist nozzles. Owing to the height of the outer walls the nozzles are placed on two levels: halfway up the walls and underneath the eaves, together with heat detectors. The aesthetic execution of whole installation made it possible to avoid impairing the historical monument. The first extremely important step towards an active protection of wooden architecture against fire has been made. The owners of historical monuments, conservators and designers have been provided with a new instrument – the water mist extinguishing system. An additional source of satisfaction is the fact that this is a Polish solution, to be taken into consideration in all plans dealing with the complex tasks of an anti-fire protection of historical monuments.

Budownictwo ognioodporne w polskiej literaturze naukowej i technicznej XVIII–XIX i początku XX stulecia

84%

Ulicki B.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2019

vol. 64

issue 3

93–145

This article contains the review of Polish-language sources on structural fire protection in Polish territories in the discussed period. Polish and foreign authors, architects, builders and building experts described the problem of fire protection in published handbooks and articles in scientific magazines in that period. Newspaper articles are an additional source of knowledge about fire protection procedures, especially in the case of houses, farms and agricultural buildings. Fires broke out most often in those places, causing social and economic problems. In order to show that the technological solutions and building materials of the Enlightenment era were also used at the beginning of 20th century, some interwar period sources are also discussed. Clay and fat soil in different forms were most often used to protect buildings, because they were easy to access, and the cost of manufacture was very low. Later, thanks to the development of chemical science during Enlightenment revolution, chemical retardants were gradually employed and are still used today. Due to the development of metallurgy industry, steel and cast iron were most commonly used for fire protection. However, it was quickly discovered that those materials also need protection, just as wood. To emphasize the importance of the problem and its relevance today, obligatory law and technical solution applied in 21st century are quoted whenever possible.

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1 Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Ogrodzki P.

1 Ulicki B.

1 2019

1 2003

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NOWE MOŻLIWOŚCI OCHRONY DREWNIANYCH ZABYTKÓW PRZED POŻAREM. SYSTEM GASZENIA MGŁĄ WODNĄ

Budownictwo ognioodporne w polskiej literaturze naukowej i technicznej XVIII–XIX i początku XX stulecia