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EN
The article presents the cult of St. John of Nepomuk in the Klodzko Region. The history of this region evolved differently to neighboring Silesia. This area was often the disputed territory between the Czech Republic and Poland. The Klodzko Region changed its nationality a few times and it caused the religious changes. In the Baroque period, during resilient Counter-Reformation activities there was spread of the cult of St. John of Nepomuk, the fourteenth century martyr. The cult has spread since the death of his murderer – Waclaw IV, the Czech king (1419) to reach its zenith in 18th century, which can be reflected in the number of figures of the saint both in the Czech Republic and many regions in Poland. Clergy, mainly Jezuits, the representatives of the tsar’s court, rich gentry and aristocracy contributed to the spread of the cult. The landscape of the Klodzko Region has 220 images of him. On the basis of literature research and field inventory some objects of religious architecture connected with Nepomuk were pointed out.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano kult św. Jana Nepomucena na Ziemi Kłodzkiej. Historia tego regionu kształtowała się odmiennie niż sąsiedniego Śląska. Obszar ten często stanowił terytorium sporne między Czechami a Polską. Ziemia Kłodzka kilkakrotnie zmieniała swoją przynależność państwową, czego konsekwencją były zmiany religijne. W baroku, podczas prężnych działań kontrreformacyjnych rozpowszechnił się kult XIV- -wiecznego męczennika – św. Jana Nepomucena. Rozprzestrzeniał się on od czasu śmierci jego oprawcy – króla czeskiego Wacława IV (1419 r.), by w XVIII w., po dokonanej kanonizacji męczennika, osiągnąć apogeum, co ma odzwierciedlenie w licz-bie stawianych figur świętego zarówno w Czechach, jak i w różnych regionach Polski. Do rozpowszechnienia kultu przyczynili się duchowni, głównie jezuici, i przedstawiciele dworu cesarskiego, zamożnej szlachty oraz magnaterii. W krajobrazie Ziemi Kłodzkiej znajduje się ponad 220 jego wizerunków. Podstawowym celem artykułu jest identyfi-kacja i inwentaryzacja obiektów architektury sakralnej związanych z opisywanym męczennikiem.
EN
The presented article focuses interest on analyses and an attempted interpretation of changes observed within an eighteenth-century statue made of domestic sandstone. This material could serve as a basis for a scheme of conservation documentation. The intention of the author is to illustrate and explain certain phenomena occurring in the course of work on the object. Scanning and analyses of thin cuts disclosed the specificity of the location and origin of airtight build-up complexes. Computer analysis and a comparison of diagrams of spectra contained in diffraction patterns, which could cast light on eventual differences between the composition, indicated an identical shape of the “peaks”, i. e. similar mineral composition. A rare granular disintegration of quartz grains was discovered in the course of examining the weathered structures of the statue in Trzech Krzyży Square in polarised light. This factor could have exerted an impact on, i. a. considerable effective porosity and increased absorptivity, also recognised in the context. As a consequence, the range was expanded by including the effects of conservation. In the current situation, when financial funds suffice only for intervention, research remains limited. The packet of studies applied in the course of work, constrained in a routine- like manner, will never explain all the problems. The possibility of a macroscopic observation of the outcome of the phenomena, which cannot be interpreted to the very end, provides mistaken results in the assessment of the progress made by destructive processes. The conclusions are obvious.
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