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EN
The article aims to portray a reconstruction as well as conduct an analysis of the changes in public support policy for the people who provide long-term care to their heavily disabled relatives. The first part presents the characteristic traits of the carer allowance recipients as well as their experiences and distinctiveness in the broader context of the situation of the disabled and their families. The second part provides a chronology of the changes in financial support policy toward carers since 2003 when the Act of Family Benefits took effect. Under the Act carers are entitled to allowances up to the present time. The process shows not only the lack of any stable trend as far as the direction of the policy in that field is concerned, but also a big role of external factors as well as social and public actors in that matter. The actors of public policy in this area as well as their impact on the construct of the legal changes in place constitute the subject of the third part of the article. Apart from the Council of Ministers, the author regards the Constitutional Tribunal and its rulings, the Ombudsman and also public support recipients along with their representative parties as the actors of public support policy.
PL
Artykuł stanowi rekonstrukcję i analizę procesu kształtowania się polityki wsparcia osób długoterminowo zajmujących się bliskimi niezdolnymi do samodzielnej egzystencji. W pierwszej części przedstawiono cechy omawianej grupy oraz pokazano jej doświadczenia i odrębności na szerszym tle sytuacji osób niepełnosprawnych, a także ich rodzin. W drugiej części dokonano periodyzacji zmian, jakie zaszły w systemie wsparcia pieniężnego omawianej grupy w okresie od początku wejścia w życie ustawy o świadczeniach rodzinnych, na mocy której do dziś wypłaca się świadczenia dla opiekunów. Ukazanie tego procesu dowodzi braku stałej tendencji, jeśli chodzi o kierunek kolejnych reform, natomiast dużej roli zewnętrznych wobec decydentów czynników oraz aktorów społecznych i publicznych. To owym aktorom polityki publicznej i ich wpływowi na kształt zmian prawnych poświęcono trzecią część artykułu. Autor wyróżnił wśród aktorów polityki wsparcia oprócz Rady Ministrów, także Trybunał Konstytucyjny i jego kolejne wyroki, Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich oraz samych adresatów wsparcia i środowiska ich reprezentujące.
EN
The text deals with the issue of the concurrence of care benefits and social security benefits regulated in the Act on Family Benefits. Such a situation occurs when a person who already has the right to a social insurance benefit, e.g. a retirement pension, acquires the right to one of the care benefits, e.g. an attendance benefit. The regulations included in the Act on Family Benefits are discussed against the background of the general principles according to which a particular type of risk can be protected with only one benefit and social insurance benefits take precedence over care benefits. According to the author’s opinion, the solutions adopted by the legislator are unadjusted to the current situation and are increasingly provoking controversy in practice and, consequently, in the author’s opinion, require changes. The lack of action on the part of the legislator causes courts to play its role, which should not occur in a properly functioning legal system based on the rule of the tripartite division of power.
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