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Gordāfarid of Šāh-nāma, the woman, who revolutionized the naqqāli tradition

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SZKLARZ J., MORADI M.

Historia i Świat

2023

issue 12

193–206

Šāh-nāma of Firdowsī and the naqqāli tradition are two distinctive traditions of Iran. Šāh-nāma, an epic that tells the story of pre-Islamic Iran, focuses on a heroic narrative. The naqqāli’s distinctive feature, against the background of other oral traditions, is the combination of heroic and religious narrative in order to spread Shiism in a way that is interesting to the audience. Ferdowsī's work and the naqqāli tradition represent two periods in Iran’s history and its traditions and culture. These periods are separated by the Islamic invasion and the fall of the Sasanid dynasty. Despite some ideological differences, the Šāh-nāma was for a number of centuries one of the sources for naqqāli and from the early period of the Pahlavi dynasty became its main focus. The article briefly discusses the naqqāli tradition, Šāh-nāma of Firdowsī and the relationship between the two. It also introduces the figure of Gordāfarid, daughter of Gaždaham, who, being the heroine of the Persian national epic, became the inspiration for a revolutionary change in the naqqāli tradition – the first naqqāl woman.

Orientalne lektury Krasickiego – przyczynek do badań nad erudycją pisarza

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Leszczyńska-Skowron K.

Pamiętnik Literacki

2021

vol. 112

issue 2

55-64

Artykuł poświęcony jest dwóm zbiorom maksym zamieszczonym w „Uwagach” Ignacego Krasickiego – „Przestrogom, które Nabi Effendi synowi swemu zostawił” oraz „Myślom”. Autorka odnajduje źródła, z których Książę Biskup czerpał zapisane w nich sentencje (są to pozycje należące do klasyki literatury orientalnej – „Hayriye” Yusufa Nabiego oraz „Historia i mądrość” Ahikara Asyryjczyka), i przedstawia ich krótką historię oraz ich znaczenie w literaturze europejskiej.

The paper is devoted to two collections of maxims contained in Ignacy Krasicki’s “Uwagi” (“Remarks”), namely to “Przestrogi, które Nabi Effendi synowi swemu zostawił” (“Warnings that Nabi Effendi Left to His Son”) and to “Myśli” (“Thoughts”). The authoress finds the sources from which Krasicki took the maxims (these are the pieces of classical Oriental literature, namely “Hayriye” by Yusuf Nabi and “Historia i mądrość” (“History and Wisdom”) by Ahikar of Assyria, she presents their concise history as well as their significance to European literature.

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Gordāfarid of Šāh-nāma, the woman, who revolutionized the naqqāli tradition

Orientalne lektury Krasickiego – przyczynek do badań nad erudycją pisarza