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KATOLÍCKY MODERNIZMUS AKO ANALYTICKÝ NÁSTROJ PRE SKÚMANIE RADIKALIZÁCIE SLOVENSKÝCH KATOLÍCKYCH INTELEKTUÁLOV

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Lenčéšová M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2025
|
vol. 73
|
issue 2
327 - 350
EN
To investigate the radicalization of Catholic intellectuals in the first half of the 20th century are the most commonly used analytical tools of “fascist studies.” While these approaches yield valuable insights into the factors driving the radicalization of some Catholics, they also have some limitations. These limitations can be addressed by taking into account recent innovations in the research of religion and intellectual history. The aim of this study is therefore to present current methodological trends in the research of religion and fascism. One such trend is the analytical concept of Catholic modernism, which understands Catholics not as enemies of progress, but as creators of a Catholic form of modernity. Building on this concept – and integrating approaches from the history of political ideologies, conceptual history, and contextual analysis – I suggest a new analytical category: “crusaders of paternalistic modernism.” This analytical tool is situated in the typology of Slovak clerical fascists developed by historian Miloslav Szabó. It is illustrated through the figure of Štefan Polakovič, a Catholic priest, philosopher, and prominent ideologue of the wartime Slovak state. Moreover, the concept of Catholic modernism situates the radicalization of Slovak Catholics within a broader European context, offering a framework for understanding their post-war transformation from Catholic supporters of fascism into Christian democrats.
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